Plant species used in giardiasis treatment: ethnopharmacology and in vitro evaluation of anti-Giardia activity

Neiva, Vanessa do Amaral; Ribeiro, Maria Nilce de Sousa; Nascimento, Flávia R.F.; Cartágenes, Maria do Socorro Sousa; Coutinho-Moraes, Denise Fernandes; Amaral, Flávia Maria Mendonça do

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2014.04.004

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Calzada et al [52] tested in vitro activity of 26 plants against Giardia and found that Dorstenia contrajerva, Senna villosa, and Ruta chalepensis were showed high activity against Giardia, with IC 50 values of < 38 μg/mL. Compared with IC 50 values reported in previous studies, high-to-moderate activities of crude extracts and essential oils were observed in this study [33,46,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…2a and b; assays (alamarBlue assay and CFDA-AM assay), and luminometric assays (ATP assays) [49]. Previous studies have investigated plant extract activity against Giardia and used dye exclusion and colorimetric assays to count viable cells [33,46,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. In this study, a luminometric assay was selected for the detection of viable Giardia trophozoites exposed to crude extracts and essential oils from A. conyzoides because it is more sensitive and less susceptible to artifacts than are other methods of testing viability [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study

Pintong

Ruangsittichai

Ampawong

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Giardia duodenalis causes giardiasis in humans, particularly in developing countries. Despite the availability of treatments, resistance to some of the commercial anti-Giardia drugs has been reported in addition to their harmful side effects. Therefore, novel treatments for giardiasis are required. In this study, we aimed to assess the in vitro activity of crude extracts of Ageratum conyzoides against G. duodenalis trophozoites. Methods: Plants were classified into three groups based on their flower colors: white (W), purple (P), and whitepurple (W-P). Plants were separately cut into leaf (L) and flower (F) parts. Changes in internal organelle morphology of trophozoites following exposure to crude extracts were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In subsequent experiments, efficacy of the most active essential oils from crude extracts [half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) ≤ 100 μg/mL] against G. duodenalis trophozoites was tested. In vitro anti-Giardia assays using essential oils were performed in the same way as those performed using crude extracts. Results: LW-P and FP extracts showed high activity (IC 50 ≤ 100 μg/mL) against G. duodenalis trophozoites, with IC 50 ± SD values of 45.67 ± 0.51 and 96.00 ± 0.46 μg/mL, respectively. In subsequent experiments, IC 50 ± SD values of LW-P and FP essential oils were 35.00 ± 0.50 and 89.33 ± 0.41 μg/mL, respectively. TEM revealed the degeneration of flagella and ventral discs of G. duodenalis trophozoites following exposure to crude extracts. Conclusion: Crude LW-P and FP extracts of A. conyzoides showed the highest activity against G. duodenalis. Exposure to crude extract induced changes in the flagella and ventral discs of G. duodenalis trophozoites, which play important roles in attachment to the surface of mucosal cells. Our results suggest that the tested extracts warrant further research in terms of their efficacy and safety as giardiasis treatment.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study

Pintong

Ruangsittichai

Ampawong

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Methyl paraben sodium salt was selected as preservative, and cherry flavour was selected due to its palatability high scores compared with other flavours . Considering that BZL may taste bitter or unpleasant, as other benzimidazole‐related compounds, sucralose, a calorie‐free artificial sweetener derived from sucrose and nearly 650 times sweeter than sugar, was selected following previous recommendations . The palatability of BZL liquid formulation was also determined in a randomised study by six healthy human volunteers in an intake and spit test .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a novel benznidazole liquid dosage form using a quality‐by‐design approach

Souza

Real

Leonardi

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Natural products have played an important role throughout history in the treatment of human disease through traditional medicines and as a source for effective pharmaceutical development [ 29 , 30 ]. In particular, plants have been a vast source of secondary metabolites that display potent antiparasitic activity, including protozoan parasites [ 30 – 33 ]. For example, G .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larrea tridentata: A novel source for anti-parasitic agents active against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Naegleria fowleri

Bashyal

Trpta

et al. 2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Protozoan parasites infect and kill millions of people worldwide every year, particularly in developing countries where access to clean fresh water is limited. Among the most common are intestinal parasites, including Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. These parasites wreak havoc on the epithelium lining the small intestines (G. lamblia) and colon (E. histolytica) causing giardiasis and amebiasis, respectively. In addition, there are less common but far more deadly pathogens such as Naegleria fowleri that thrive in warm waters and infect the central nervous systems of their victims via the nasal passages. Despite their prevalence and associated high mortality rates, there remains an unmet need to identify more effective therapeutics for people infected with these opportunistic parasites. To address this unmet need, we have surveyed plants and traditional herbal medicines known throughout the world to identify novel antiparasitic agents with activity against G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and N. fowleri. Herein, we report Larrea tridentata, known as creosote bush, as a novel source for secondary metabolites that display antiparasitic activity against all three pathogens. This report also characterizes the lignan compound classes, nordihydroguairetic acid and demethoxyisoguaiacin, as novel antiparasitic lead agents to further develop more effective drug therapy options for millions of people worldwide.

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Plant species used in giardiasis treatment: ethnopharmacology and in vitro evaluation of anti-Giardia activity

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study

Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study

Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a novel benznidazole liquid dosage form using a quality‐by‐design approach

Larrea tridentata: A novel source for anti-parasitic agents active against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Naegleria fowleri

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