“…The study area was formerly dominated by Aspidosperma quebrachoblanco and Schinopsis marginata subtropical seasonally dry forests [Sayago, 1969;Zak and Cabido, 2002]. Despite many outstanding features in terms of biodiversity values [Molina et al, 1999;Cagnolo et al, 2006;Torrella et al, 2013] and ecosystem services [Conti and Diaz, 2013;Cáceres, 2014], which make these complex ecosystems worthy of protection, the Gran Chaco, is one of the main deforestation areas of Latin America [Grau and Aide, 2008;Hansen et al, 2012]. During the last three decades the generalized expansion of agriculture [Zak et al, 2008;Hoyos et al, 2013], driven by global trends in technology and soybean markets [Grau et al, 2005], but also by global changes in the precipitation regimes [Hoyos et al, 2013], have promoted a sharp drop of the Gran Chaco natural forests.…”