Plant-sourced intrinsic dietary fiber: Physical structure and health function

Qin, Wangyan; Sun, Lixin; Miao, Ming; Zhang, Genyi

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.022

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Chemically, polysaccharides belong to polymeric carbohydrates that are composed of long chains of monosaccharide units linked by the glycosidic bonds. Meanwhile, non-digestible polysaccharides have attracted more interest in recent years, due to their unique physicochemical structure, biological functioning, and food uses, especially their roles as dietary fibers and the potential to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and some cancers [6]. These non-digestible polysaccharides have recently been widely assessed for their biological activities (e.g., immune-modulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent

Guan

Lin

et al. 2021

Foods

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The immunomodulation of chemically selenylated polysaccharides has been attracting more attention recently, but the corresponding performance of the yam polysaccharides (YPS) with lower selenylation extent remains, thus far, unsolved. In this study, the YPS was selenylated with Na2SeO3 under acidic conditions generated by HNO3 to reach two lower selenylation extents, yielding two selenylated YPSs, namely SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 with selenium contents of 715 and 1545 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that YPS, SeYPS-1, and SeYPS-2 all had in vitro immuno-modulation when using RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine splenocytes as cell models. In detail, the three polysaccharide samples at dose levels of 5–160 μg/mL showed insignificant cytotoxicity to the macrophages and splenocytes with cell exposure times of 12–24 h, because of the measured values of cell viability larger than 100%. However, Na2SeO3 at dose levels of 1.3–3.25 μg/mL mostly caused obvious cytotoxic effects on the cells, resulting in reduced cell viability values or cell death, efficiently. The results demonstrated that, compared with YPS, both SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 at a lower dose level (5 μg/mL) were more active at promoting phagocytosis activity, increasing the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the T-lymphocyte sub-population in the murine splenocyte, improving cytokine secretion, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the macrophages, or increasing interferon-γ secretion, but suppressing IL-4 production in the splenocytes. Consistently, SeYPS-2 has more potential than SeYPS-1 at exerting these assessed bioactivities in the cells. Thus, we conclude that a chemical modification of YPS using trace element Se at a lower selenylation extent could bring about higher immunomodulatory activity towards macrophages and splenocytes, while selenylation extent of YPS is a critical factor used to govern the assessed activity changes of YPS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent

Guan

Lin

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…However, this contrasts with their "natural form" -the form already recognized by Burkitt to entail the crucial health benefits of fibers. The bulk of fibers we eat are not single, isolated fibers, but part of plant foods like vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts, legumes and grains (22,(48)(49)(50)(51). We consume the tissues of these plants, which are made up from a matrix of plant cells (52).…”

Section: Intrinsic Fibers: Complexly Intertwined Three-dimensional St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fine milling of the starchy endosperm of grains for instance leads to complete disruption of plant cells, breaking the protein-starch matrix and releasing the enclosed starch granules ( Figure 1B ) ( 19 ). Similarly, the complex structure of bran can be substantially destructed with fine milling ( 49 ). In this context we want to highlight that despite the suggestive name, whole grain products do not necessarily provide intrinsic fibers ( 35 , 67 ).…”

Section: Intrinsic Fibers: Complexly Intertwined Three-dimensional St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since bacteria are too large to diffuse into intact plant cells, these must spatially interact with the plant tissue, to access intertwined polymers such as pectins and hemicelluloses. All these digestive aspects make it obvious that the breakdown and consequent physiological behavior of intrinsic fibers cannot or can only partly be explained by that of their isolated single counterparts ( 49 , 52 ).…”

Section: Intrinsic Fibers: Complexly Intertwined Three-dimensional St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic dietary fibers and the gut microbiome: Rediscovering the benefits of the plant cell matrix for human health

Puhlmann

Vos

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Dietary fibers contribute to structure and storage reserves of plant foods and fundamentally impact human health, partly by involving the intestinal microbiota, notably in the colon. Considerable attention has been given to unraveling the interaction between fiber type and gut microbiota utilization, focusing mainly on single, purified fibers. Studying these fibers in isolation might give us insights into specific fiber effects, but neglects how dietary fibers are consumed daily and impact our digestive tract: as intrinsic structures that include the cell matrix and content of plant tissues. Like our ancestors we consume fibers that are entangled in a complex network of plants cell walls that further encapsulate and shield intra-cellular fibers, such as fructans and other components from immediate breakdown. Hence, the physiological behavior and consequent microbial breakdown of these intrinsic fibers differs from that of single, purified fibers, potentially entailing unexplored health effects. In this mini-review we explain the difference between intrinsic and isolated fibers and discuss their differential impact on digestion. Subsequently, we elaborate on how food processing influences intrinsic fiber structure and summarize available human intervention studies that used intrinsic fibers to assess gut microbiota modulation and related health outcomes. Finally, we explore current research gaps and consequences of the intrinsic plant tissue structure for future research. We postulate that instead of further processing our already (extensively) processed foods to create new products, we should minimize this processing and exploit the intrinsic health benefits that are associated with the original cell matrix of plant tissues.

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“…In recent decades, several studies have demonstrated that extracts rich in polyphenols are also effective α-amylase inhibitors that reduce postprandial blood glucose [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, α-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-(1,4)-D-glucan linkages from starch and other glucose polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives

Giuntini

Sardá

Menezes

2022

Foods

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The properties of each food, composition, and structure affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary fiber (DF), especially viscous DF, can contribute to a reduction in the glycemic response resulting from the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods. Target and control of postprandial glycemic values are critical for diabetes prevention and management. Some mechanisms have been described for soluble DF action, from the increase in chyme viscosity to the production of short-chain fatty acids resulting from fermentation, which stimulates gastrointestinal motility and the release of GLP-1 and PYY hormones. The postprandial glycemic response due to inulin and resistant starch ingestion is well established. However, other soluble dietary fibers (SDF) can also contribute to glycemic control, such as gums, β-glucan, psyllium, arabinoxylan, soluble corn fiber, resistant maltodextrin, glucomannan, and edible fungi, which can be added alone or together in different products, such as bread, beverages, soups, biscuits, and others. However, there are technological challenges to be overcome, despite the benefits provided by the SDF, as it is necessary to consider the palatability and maintenance of their proprieties during production processes. Studies that evaluate the effect of full meals with enriched SDF on postprandial glycemic responses should be encouraged, as this would contribute to the recommendation of viable dietary options and sustainable health goals.

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Plant-sourced intrinsic dietary fiber: Physical structure and health function

Cited by 24 publications

References 167 publications

In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent

In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent

Intrinsic dietary fibers and the gut microbiome: Rediscovering the benefits of the plant cell matrix for human health

The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives

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