Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil

Adamczyk, Bartosz; Sietiö, Outi‐Maaria; Straková, Petra; Prommer, Judith; Wild, Birgit; Hagner, Marleena; Pihlatie, Mari; Fritze, Hannu; Richter, Andreas; Heinonsalo, Jussi

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1

Cited by 127 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In boreal forest ecosystems, plants produce astonishing amounts of tannins and their associated ectomycorrhizal fungi are also very abundant – their hyphal biomass reaching up to 600 kg ha −1 . Formation of complexes between root‐derived tannins and mycorrhizal fungi rich in proteins and chitin become thus very likely and indicate a potentially significant mechanism for C stabilization . Given that mycorrhizal fungal compounds react with tannins, it can be expected that first‐order roots and high tannin contents are the primary source for complex formation which was shown in a recent study in which first‐order roots had the lowest decomposition rates among 35 temperate wood species .…”

Section: The Influence Of the Interactions Between Root Litter And Fumentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, decomposition is affected via the quantity and quality of the provided substrate. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) can affect both SOM stabilization and decomposition . Their potential effect on decomposition and stabilization processes in the soil can be significant, because PSMs can comprise up to 30 % of dry weight of plants and their concentration depends on species, age, organ, as well as environmental conditions including soil nutrient status .…”

Section: The Influence Of the Interactions Between Root Litter And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Highly Organic Ecosystems – Importance of Chemical Ecology

2020

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Organic matter decomposition plays a major role in the cycling of carbon (C) and nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems across the globe. Climate change accelerates the decomposition rate to potentially increase the release of greenhouse gases and further enhance global warming in the future. However, fractions of organic matter vary in turnover times and parts are stabilized in soils for longer time periods (C sequestration). Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying C sequestration is needed for the development of effective mitigation policies to reduce land-based production of greenhouse gases. Known mechanisms of C sequestration include the recalcitrance of C input, interactions with soil minerals, aggregate formation, as well as its regulation via abiotic factors. In this Minireview, we discuss the mechanisms behind C sequestration including the recently emerging significance of biochemical interactions between organic matter inputs that lead to C stabilization.

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Section: The Influence Of the Interactions Between Root Litter And Fumentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Influence Of the Interactions Between Root Litter And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Highly Organic Ecosystems – Importance of Chemical Ecology

2020

Self Cite

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“…The rhizosphere, the area of soils conformed by the fine roots and the microorganisms directly associated with them, has been shown to be of great importance to soil C and nutrient dynamics ( Adamczyk et al, 2019 ; Kriiska et al, 2019 ). Fine root dynamics and activity includes the production of biomass and necromass as well as a continuous release of exudates from roots that is the base food for a large community of soil microorganisms and soil fauna (e.g., detritivores, herbivores) ( Juan-Ovejero et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept

Deckmyn

Flores

Mayer

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes. In this article, we review the main soil biological actors (microbiota, fauna and roots) and their effects on soil functioning. We review to what extent they have been included in soil models and propose which of them could be included in ecosystem models. We show that the model representation of the soil food web, the impact of soil ecosystem engineers on soil structure and the related effects on hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization are key issues in improving ecosystem-scale soil representation in models. Finally, we describe a new core model concept (KEYLINK) that integrates insights from SOM models, structural models and food web models to simulate the living soil at an ecosystem scale.

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“…Boreal forests (taiga) cover about 33% of the world's total forest area, representing the largest terrestrial biome on Earth [40]. They are a globally important sink and storage pool of carbon [41] and are mostly dominated by coniferous trees [42]. Furthermore, the largest remaining unfragmented and natural landscape patches without human impact can be found in Russian and Canadian boreal forests [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of Extrafloral Nectar in Boreal Forest Ecosystems under Climate Change

Holopainen

Blande

Sorvari

2020

Forests

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Carbohydrate-rich extrafloral nectar (EFN) is produced in nectaries on the leaves, stipules, and stems of plants and provides a significant energy source for ants and other plant mutualists outside of the flowering period. Our review of literature on EFN indicates that only a few forest plant species in cool boreal environments bear EFN-producing nectaries and that EFN production in many boreal and subarctic plant species is poorly studied. Boreal forest, the world’s largest land biome, is dominated by coniferous trees, which, like most gymnosperms, do not produce EFN. Notably, common deciduous tree species that can be dominant in boreal forest stands, such as Betula and Alnus species, do not produce EFN, while Prunus and Populus species are the most important EFN-producing tree species. EFN together with aphid honeydew is known to play a main role in shaping ant communities. Ants are considered to be keystone species in mixed and conifer-dominated boreal and mountain forests because they transfer a significant amount of carbon from the canopy to the soil. Our review suggests that in boreal forests aphid honeydew is a more important carbohydrate source for ants than in many warmer ecosystems and that EFN-bearing plant species might not have a competitive advantage against herbivores. However, this hypothesis needs to be tested in the future. Warming of northern ecosystems under climate change might drastically promote the invasion of many EFN-producing plants and the associated insect species that consume EFN as their major carbohydrate source. This may result in substantial changes in the diet preferences of ant communities, the preventative roles of ants against insect pest outbreaks, and the ecosystem services they provide. However, wood ants have adapted to using tree sap that leaks from bark cracks in spring, which may mitigate the effects of improved EFN availability.

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Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil

Cited by 127 publications

References 67 publications

Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Highly Organic Ecosystems – Importance of Chemical Ecology

Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Highly Organic Ecosystems – Importance of Chemical Ecology

KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept

Functional Role of Extrafloral Nectar in Boreal Forest Ecosystems under Climate Change

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