Plant Responses to Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress by Chemicals

Badr, Abdelfattah; El-Shazly, Hanaa H.; Mohamed, Heba I.

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2074-4_4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…HMs are genotoxic, but perhaps not mutagenic, as there has been no report suggesting that HMs can induce gene mutations in plants, although Cr 6+ is believed to be mutagenic to mammalian cells [170]. It is to be noted that all mutagenic substances are genotoxic, but not all genotoxic substances are mutagenic [171]. As discussed earlier, HMs can damage DNA molecules through generation of ROS in both plants and animals.…”

Section: Inactivation Of Plant Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil: Environmental Pollutants Affecting Crop Health

et al. 2023

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Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) are environmental pollutants, most notably cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, and chromium. When HMs accumulate to toxic levels in agricultural soils, these non-biodegradable elements adversely affect crop health and productivity. The toxicity of HMs on crops depends upon factors including crop type, growth condition, and developmental stage; nature of toxicity of the specific elements involved; soil physical and chemical properties; occurrence and bioavailability of HM ions in the soil solution; and soil rhizosphere chemistry. HMs can disrupt the normal structure and function of cellular components and impede various metabolic and developmental processes. This review evaluates: (1) HM contamination in arable lands through agricultural practices, particularly due to chemical fertilizers, pesticides, livestock manures and compost, sewage-sludge-based biosolids, and irrigation; (2) factors affecting the bioavailability of HM elements in the soil solution, and their absorption, translocation, and bioaccumulation in crop plants; (3) mechanisms by which HM elements directly interfere with the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants, with particular emphasis on the generation of oxidative stress, the inhibition of photosynthetic phosphorylation, enzyme/protein inactivation, genetic modifications, and hormonal deregulation, and indirectly through the inhibition of soil microbial growth, proliferation, and diversity; and (4) visual symptoms of highly toxic non-essential HM elements in plants, with an emphasis on crop plants. Finally, suggestions and recommendations are made to minimize crop losses from suspected HM contamination in agricultural soils.

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Section: Inactivation Of Plant Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil: Environmental Pollutants Affecting Crop Health

et al. 2023

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“…In plants, the responses to AgNP exposure can be either stimulatory or inhibitory depending on several factors such as the physical properties of the nanoparticle and its bioavailability, exposure duration, plant species, growth conditions, soil physicochemical properties and water availability (Hasan et al 2022;Siddiqi & Husen 2022). Badr et al (2021) and Ahmed et al (2018) reported that AgNPs adversely affected many plants, such as reduced growth, decreased seed germination, increased chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative damage. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the outcomes of AgNPs toxicity in plants, and to cope with this stress, antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD, and APX can play an important role in detoxifying and protecting plant tissues (Kumar et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and molecular responses of basil (Ocimum basilicum) to silver stress: a comparison between silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate treatments

Zareei,

Abbaspour,

Peyvandi

et al. 2024

Biologia

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With the extensive utilization of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are prevalent nanomaterials that may entail ecological risks by their potential translocation into plant systems. The present study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of basil seedlings (Ocimum basilicum) subjected to AgNPs or silver nitrate (AgNO3) for 7 days. The seedlings were treated with 0, 4, 10, or 40 mg/L of AgNO3 or AgNPs in Hoagland's solution. Both treatments resulted in signi cant accumulation of Ag in the roots and shoots, with higher levels in the roots of AgNO3-treated seedlings. AgNPs increased plant biomass at 4 mg/L, while AgNO3 decreased it at all concentrations. Both treatments reduced the total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and carbohydrates, with more pronounced effects in AgNO3-treated seedlings. Both treatments also induced oxidative stress, as indicated by increased levels of H2O2, MD, and proline, and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX. However, these responses were more evident in AgNO3-treated seedlings, especially at higher concentrations. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that both treatments induced the upregulation of genes encoding oxidative stress tolerance-related enzymes, such as FSD1, MSD1, CSD1, CATa, CATb, APXa and APXb, in the basil seedling shoots. These results suggest that AgNPs are less toxic to basil plants than AgNO3 and that basil plants can activate physiological and molecular mechanisms to cope with Ag-induced oxidative stress.

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“…The term genotoxicity is often used interchangeably with mutagenicity; however, while all mutagens are genotoxic, not all genotoxic substances are mutagenic. Various assays have been developed to assess the genotoxic effects and their relationship to changes in plant growth and development [23]. Genotoxic agents can cause damage to the genetic material, leading to gene mutation, chromosomal alterations, and DNA damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS analysis, Elemental and Nutritional Composition and Biological Investigation of Medicinally Valued Fingerhuthia africana Lehm.

Ullah,

Adil,

Filimban

2023

Preprint

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Fingerhuthia africana Lehm belongs to family Poaceae, is an erect perennial grass used traditionally to cure different diseases. The current study was carried out to find the bioactive compounds by GC-MS, elemental analysis through atomic absorption spectrophotometry, proximate analysis by AOAC, genotoxic activity through comet assay, antioxidant activity through DPPH and antidiarrheal activity through castor oil induce diarrhea followed by charcoal meal on mice model. GC-MS chromatogram represents different compounds detected in the crude extract. Major pharmacological bioactive compounds are 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-; 4-Methyl itaconate; .alpha.-Terpineol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate; Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-; Caryophyllene oxide; Hinesol; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester; Hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester. Elemental analysis of stem, leaves and roots of the plant show the presence of (macro and micro) nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd and Co were absent in all parts. Proximate analysis of different parts revealed the presence of moisture contents (8.57%), ash (9.77%), fats contents (5.96%), fibers contents (45.03%), protein (3.62%), carbohydrates (39.71%) and Gross energy (Kcal/100g) (220.10). The ethanolic extract show dose-dependent genoprotective potential (127.38 ± 1.16), (83.28 ± 0.65), and (44.08 ± 1.40) at 50, 75, and 100 mg/100 ml, respectively, as compared to the methanolic extract which show genotoxic activity (85.13 ± 1.23) at high dose. After 90 minutes at a concentration of 300 (g/ml), methanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant potential (79.5%), followed by aqueous extract (76.5%). The methanolic extract of F. africana demonstrated antidiarrheal efficacy, with the maximum inhibition of charcoal movement (83.78%) occurring at a dosage of 300 mg/kg, followed by doses of 200 and 100 mg/kg, 73.26% and 59.56%, respectively. The current research highlights that the plant contains a substantial quantity of micro and macro nutrients, possesses high nutritional value, and exhibits pharmacological activities. These properties render the plant suitable for developing remedies to treat various therapeutic diseases.

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Plant Responses to Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress by Chemicals

Cited by 7 publications

References 139 publications

Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil: Environmental Pollutants Affecting Crop Health

Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil: Environmental Pollutants Affecting Crop Health

Physiological and molecular responses of basil (Ocimum basilicum) to silver stress: a comparison between silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate treatments

GC-MS analysis, Elemental and Nutritional Composition and Biological Investigation of Medicinally Valued Fingerhuthia africana Lehm.

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