Plant resistance does not compromise parasitoid-based biocontrol of a strawberry pest

Weber, Daniela; Egan, Paul A.; Muola, Anne; Ericson, Lars; Stenberg, Johan A.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62698-1

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, herbivore preference for plants with lower levels of this compound could relate to a natural deterrence effect of this compound (Felton and Summers 1993), or innate avoidance as a behavioral adaptation against parasitism (as per the concept of "enemy free space" [Stamp 2001]). Pollinators on the other hand positively selected for dihydroxybenzoic acid: a phenolic that-in addition to serving as a direct defence, as discussed above-is also associated with indirect defence due to its strong association with parasitism success (Weber et al 2020a). Our finding of pollinator-mediated selection on a trait related to indirect defence corroborates prior results indicating potential pollinator selection on volatile signals involved in tritrophic interactions and the plant's "cry for help" (Kessler and Halitschke (2009).…”

Section: Selection On Indirect Defencesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Variation in direct and indirect defence was evidenced by the differential performance and preference of the herbivore and its specialist endoparasitoid (Asecodes parviclava Thompson [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae]) on diets of varying genotypic composition. Several primary and secondary compounds were ultimately identified as markers associated with either direct or indirect defence (Weber et al 2020a). We included the five compounds most strongly associated with defence: two carbohydrates (dehydroascorbic acid and myo-inositol) and three phenolics (catechin, dihydroxybenzoic acid, and shikimic acid).…”

Section: Trait Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three phenolics were associated with reduced growth rate of the herbivore (measured in bioassays not involving parasitism), and in the case of dihydroxybenzoic acid also with parasitism success. Details of leaf sampling and GC/TOF-MS metabolomic profiling are presented in Weber et al (2020a), which was conducted con-currently for the same plants used in this study. Owing to capacity limitations experienced with metabolomic profiling, defencerelated traits could only be quantified for 27 of the 81 genotypes.…”

Section: Trait Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a phenolic that is strongly associated with resistance against the strawberry leaf beetle (Weber et al 2020a). Given that pollinators were previously found to avoid damaged flowers of woodland strawberry (Muola et al 2017), it appears logical that pollinator selection on this defence compound was exerted only in the presence of herbivores, and not in their absence.…”

Section: Selection On Direct Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pollinators and herbivores interactively shape selection on strawberry defence and attraction

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tripartite interactions between plants, herbivores, and pollinators hold fitness consequences for most angiosperms. However, little is known on how plants evolve in response—and in particular what the net selective outcomes are for traits of shared relevance to pollinators and herbivores. In this study, we manipulated herbivory (“presence” and “absence” treatments) and pollination (“open” and “hand pollination” treatments) in a full factorial common‐garden experiment with woodland strawberry ( Fragaria vesca L.). This design allowed us to quantify the relative importance and interactive effects of herbivore‐ and pollinator‐mediated selection on nine traits related to plant defence and attraction. Our results showed that pollinators imposed stronger selection than herbivores on traits related to both direct and indirect (i.e., tritrophic) defence. However, conflicting selection was imposed on inflorescence density: a trait that appears to be shared by herbivores and pollinators as a host plant signal. However, in all cases, selection imposed by one agent depended largely on the presence or ecological effect of the other, suggesting that dynamic patterns of selection could be a common outcome of these interactions in natural populations. As a whole, our findings highlight the significance of plant‐herbivore‐pollinator interactions as potential drivers of evolutionary change, and reveal that pollinators likely play an underappreciated role as selective agents on direct and in direct plant defence.

show abstract

Section: Selection On Indirect Defencesupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Trait Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trait Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection On Direct Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pollinators and herbivores interactively shape selection on strawberry defence and attraction

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…), it is a common pest of garden strawberry ( F×ananassa ) in Northern Europe ( Stenberg and Axelsson, 2008 ). We previously screened 86 woodland strawberry genotyped varieties for antibiosis and antixenosis against G. tenella ( Weber et al, 2020a ) and identified several primary and secondary metabolites that are associated with plant resistance ( Weber et al, 2020b ). Although the exact resistance mechanism requires further experiments, these results indicate the presence of a true intrinsic resistance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transition toward more sustainable plant protection with reduced pesticide use is difficult, because there is no “silver bullet” available among nonchemical tools. Integrating several plant protection approaches may thus be needed for efficient pest management. Recently, increasing the genetic diversity of plantations via cultivar mixing has been proposed as a possible method to reduce pest damage. However, previous studies have not addressed either the relative efficiency of exploiting cultivar mixing and intrinsic plant herbivore resistance or the potential utility of combining these approaches to increase cropping security. Here, using a full factorial experiment with 60 woodland strawberry plots, we tested for the relative and combined effect of cultivar mixing and intrinsic plant resistance on herbivore damage and yield. The experiment comprised two levels of diversity (“high” with 10 varieties and “low” with two varieties) and three levels of resistance (“resistant” comprising only varieties intrinsically resistant against strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella tenella; “susceptible” with susceptible varieties only; and “resistance mixtures” with 50:50 mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties). The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons. Use of resistant varieties either alone or intermixed with susceptible varieties in “resistance mixtures” reduced insect herbivory. Interestingly, resistant varieties not only reduced the mean damage in “resistance mixtures” by themselves being less damaged, but also protected intermixed susceptible varieties via associational resistance. The effect of higher genetic diversity was less evident, reducing herbivory only at the highest level of herbivore damage. In general, herbivory was lowest in plots with high diversity that included at least some resistant varieties and highest in low diversity plots consisting only of susceptible varieties. Despite this, no significant difference in yield (fruit biomass) was found, indicating that strawberry may be relatively tolerant. Our results demonstrate that combined use of high genetic diversity and resistant varieties can help reduce pest damage and provide a useful tool for sustainable food production. “Resistance mixtures” may be particularly useful for sensitive food crops where susceptible varieties are high yielding that could not be completely replaced by resistant ones.

show abstract

One‐week escitalopram intake alters the excitation–inhibition balance in the healthy female brain

Zsido

Molloy

Cesnaite

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neural health relies on cortical excitation-inhibition balance (EIB). Previous research suggests a link between increased cortical excitation and neuroplasticity induced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Whether there are modulations of EIB following SSRI-administration in the healthy human brain, however, remains unclear.Thus, in a randomized double-blind study, we administered a clinically relevant dose of 20 mg escitalopram for 7 days (time when steady state is achieved) in 59 healthy women (28 escitalopram, 31 placebo) on oral contraceptives. We acquired restingstate electroencephalography data at baseline, after a single dose, and at steady state. We assessed 1/f slope of the power spectrum as a marker of EIB, compared individual trajectories of 1/f slope changes contrasting single dose and 1-week drug intake, and tested the relationship of escitalopram plasma levels and cortical excitatory and inhibitory balance shifts. Escitalopram-intake was associated with decreased 1/f slope, indicating an EIB shift in favor of excitation. Furthermore, 1/f slope at baseline and after a single dose of escitalopram was associated with 1/f slope at steady state. Higher plasma escitalopram levels at a single dose were associated with better maintenance of these EIB changes throughout the drug administration week. These findings demonstrate the potential for 1/f slope to predict individual cortical responsivity to SSRIs and widen the lens through which we map the human brain by testing an interventional psychopharmacological design in a clearly defined endocrinological state.

show abstract

Plant resistance does not compromise parasitoid-based biocontrol of a strawberry pest

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Pollinators and herbivores interactively shape selection on strawberry defence and attraction

Pollinators and herbivores interactively shape selection on strawberry defence and attraction

‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations

One‐week escitalopram intake alters the excitation–inhibition balance in the healthy female brain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About