Plant Reproduction in a High Arctic Environment

Bell, Katherine L.; Bliss, L. C.

doi:10.2307/1550585

Cited by 171 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Short dispersal distances of their seeds and sporadic establishment of seedlings limit their ability to relocate in more favorable areas or adapt to the altered environment (Callaghan et al, 1989(Callaghan et al, , 1999(Callaghan et al, , 2005Carlsson and Callaghan, 1991;Havströ m et al, 1993). In the Arctic the production of viable seeds is limited by short and cool summers (Bell and Bliss, 1980) and enhanced by warmer summers and greater nutrient availability (Wookey et al, 1995). In Adventdalen, Cooper et al (2011) showed that delayed start of growing led to a reduction in flower number for several species and reduced seed viability of Dryas octopetala and bulbils of Bistorta vivipara.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO₂Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Rogers

Sullivan

Welker

2011

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO₂Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Rogers

Sullivan

Welker

2011

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…In alpine environments, the climate is unfavourable for sexual reproduction in a high proportion of years (Bell and Bliss 1980), and large interannual variation is typical in seed production (Chambers 1995), seedling recruitment rates (Weppler et al 2006) and plant growth (Callaghan et al 1989). In line with this, we find that the k of G. sylvaticum varies among years.…”

Section: Temporal Variation In Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

et al. 2011

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An improved understanding of population-level consequences of grazing on plants can be facilitated by an assessment of grazing effects on all stages in the life-cycle. In this study, 6 years of demographic data for three populations of the perennial herb Geranium sylvaticum were analysed. We examined the effects of sheep grazing (high sheep density, low sheep density and no sheep) and interannual climatic variability on vital rates and population growth rates (k). Grazing did not affect survival or flowering rates, but reduced rates of growth and increased rates of clonal reproduction. At the population level, high contributions from retrogression and clonal reproduction buffered reduced rates of growth and stasis, and no consistent differences in k between populations exposed to different sheep densities were found. Instead, large betweenyear variability in k, independent of sheep density, was detected, related to variation in the local summer climate. The results indicated, however, that grazing effects on k were more severe in unfavourable than in normal years. Our study highlights that increased clonal reproduction rates functioned as a tolerance mechanism towards grazing in this herb, which forms a mechanism to explain how moderate population responses to grazing in some herbs can arise.

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“…As shown in the literature (e.g., Barrett and Schulten, 1975;Bell and Bliss, 1980;Bliss and Grulke, 1988) vascular plants use different strategies to establish long-term populations under High Arctic conditions. The dynamics of revegetation of a disturbed surface can be understood only when the whole cycle of production, dispersal, viability, survival, and germination of propagules is known for the individual species, and when the processes of competition, selection, and succession have been analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revegetation of an Airstrip and Dirt Roads in Central East Greenland

Schwarzenbach¹

1996

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Revegetation of an airstrip and associated dirt roads on Pingo Pass, central East Greenland (71˚48'N, 24˚15'W), was studied in 1991, 34 years after their construction and abandonment. Sixty-two of the 103 species occurring on the Pass were found on the study sites. This relatively fast rate of recolonization might be partially explained by the fact that the ecological conditions of the surrounding area with windswept and rather stony terraces are similar to the dry and compressed soil on the airstrip and on the dirt roads. Therefore, the species of the dry barren grounds and of the dry heath could reach the airstrip easily and start the process of recolonization as pioneer plants. For most species, two phases of colonization can be recognised: the initial establishment of pioneer individuals followed by the establishment around them of their progeny.Key words: East Greenland, vegetation, vascular plants, revegetation, recolonization, airstrip, dirt roads RÉSUMÉ. En 1991, on a étudié la régénération de la végétation d'une piste d'atterrissage et de deux chemins de terre connexes au col Pingo -centre du Groenland oriental (71˚ 48' de latit. N., 24˚ 15' de longit. O.) -, 34 ans après leur construction et leur abandon. On y a trouvé 62 des 103 espèces présentes au col. Cette reconstitution relativement rapide peut être en partie expliquée par le fait que les conditions écologiques de la région avoisinant le site (terrasses plutôt pierreuses balayées par le vent), sont semblables à celles du sol sec et comprimé de la piste d'atterrissage et des chemins de terre. Les espèces de la toundra claire et de la lande aride pouvaient donc atteindre facilement la piste et commencer le processus de reconstitution en tant que plantes pionnières. Pour la majorité des espèces, on peut distinguer deux phases de reconstitution: l'implantation initiale d'individus pionniers, puis l'établissement, dans le périmètre immédiat, de leurs descendants.Mots clés: Groenland oriental, végétation, plantes vasculaires, régénération de la végétation, reconstitution, piste d'atterrissage, chemins de terre Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nésida Loyer.

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Plant Reproduction in a High Arctic Environment

Cited by 171 publications

References 11 publications

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO₂Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO₂Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

Revegetation of an Airstrip and Dirt Roads in Central East Greenland

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Plant Reproduction in a High Arctic Environment

Cited by 171 publications

References 11 publications

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO2Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO2Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

Revegetation of an Airstrip and Dirt Roads in Central East Greenland

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Product

Resources

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Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO₂Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland

Evidence of Nonlinearity in the Response of Net Ecosystem CO₂Exchange to Increasing Levels of Winter Snow Depth in the High Arctic of Northwest Greenland