Plant regeneration from in vitro cultures of cotyledon explants and anthers of Sinapis alba and its implications on breeding of crucifers

Abstract

Protocols for plant regeneration from cotyledon explant and anther cultures of Sinapis alba have been developed for creating doubled-haploids and somaclonal variation . Among the several cultivars tested in this study, only 'Arda' responded well to in vitro plant regeneration both from anther-as well as cotyledoncultures . Multiple shoot formation in cotyledon explants, which always followed a brief callusing phase, was found to be the best on MS medium with ZEA (1 .0 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/1) . Regeneration frequency declined sharply in the absence of auxin or presence of other cytokinins and/or auxin . The frequency of shoot regeneration also declined with reduction in the photoperiod to 16h . On MS + BAP (1 .0 mg/1) + NAA (1 .0 mg/1) medium, cotyledonary explants showed profuse callusing, which could regenerate shoots on high ZEA + low NAA/IAA medium . However, it declined with progressing time in culture . Anthers, excised from fresh as well as cold pretreated buds, cultured on 10% sucrose containing MS media with different hormonal constitution, developed calli and/or embryos . Initial culture temperature was important with embryogenesis occurring only in anthers cultured at 30° C for 3 weeks . A high temperature (35° C) treatment was lethal for both callus as well as embryo formation . While BAP + NAA 'and ZEA + NAA/IAA supported embryogenesis, further plant regeneration from anther-or embryo-callus could be achieved in ZEA + NAA/IAA media . Some of the regenerants flowered already in vitro and had small and sterile flowers . Cytological examination of some of the root differentiating calli indicated the presence of haploid as well as diploid cells . Shoots were rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium or on transfer to MS (reduced)/ B5 + ZEA + NAA media .

The Effect of A Genome Substitution on the Resistance of Brassica napus to Infection by Leptosphaeria maculans

“…Studies on new sources of resistance to L. maculans have concentrated on B. nigra, B. juncea or Sinapis alba (ROY 1978, SACRISTAN and GERDEMANN 1986, JAIN et al 1989, SJODIN and Gi.iMEi ius 1989. The present study demonstrates that comparable levels of resistance are available in Brassica species closely related to B. napus.…”

“…There have been many attempts to transfer resistance to L. maculans and other fungal pathogens into B. napus from B. nigra, B. juncea and Sinapis alba (ROY 1978, SACRISTAN and GERDEMANN 1986, JAIN et al 1989 and Gi.iMELius 1988). The ultimate success of these programmes partially depends upon the extent of recombination between the genomes of the donor species and that of B. napus.…”

Inheritance of competencies for leaf disc regeneration, anther culture, and protoplast culture in Solanum phureja and corrleations among them

“…Coleman et al (1990) found similar results, concluding that protoplast plating efficiency and shoot regeneration from leaf discs are under separate genetic controls in potato. A lack of correlation between plant regeneration from cotyledon explants and anther culture in Sinapis alba was suggested by Jain et al (1989) when they observed that only one of the several cultivars tested responded well to both procedures. Agache et al (1988) reported a lack of correlation between anther culture and somatic tissue ability in wheat, and proposed that separate genetic mechanisms controlled these traits.…”

Cauliflower and Broccoli

“…The donor plant genotype is one of the main factors which affect embryogenesis frequency, embryos quality and plant regeneration (Arnison and Keller, 1990;Baille et al, 1992;Kieffer et al, 1993). Low temperatures, between 5°C and 20°C, during the growing cycle improve the plant physiology in terms to allow the production of microspores enough reactive for androgenesis (Keller at al., 1987;Jain et al, 1989;Sorvari, 1985;Duijs et al, 1992).…”