Plant Polyphenols, More than Just Simple Natural Antioxidants: Oxidative Stress, Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Hano, Christophe; Tungmunnithum, Duangjai

doi:10.3390/medicines7050026

Cited by 167 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similarly, a significant relationship between phenolic acid accumulation and antioxidant capacity has been revealed for several medicinal plant species [ 45 , 46 ]. From a strictly chemical point of view, these in vitro cell-free antioxidant assays are interesting since they can provide information on the mechanism reaction involved in the antioxidant potential of an extract [ 47 ]. Here, the results obtained could reflect a preferential ET-type mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants

et al. 2020

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Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds with several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to produce high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol to produce Thai basil leaf-derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yields the maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2% of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown in optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants

et al. 2020

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“…The production of ROS and RNS increases with age, stress or pollution as a direct consequence of redox cellular imbalances and could lead to the development of various degenerative diseases [65,66]. Flavonoids as strong natural antioxidants present in food may potentially counteract the negative effects of excessive ROS and RNS cellular production [64,67]. Yeast cells have been proposed as an excellent model for in vivo assessment of antioxidant capacity in relation to cellular oxidative stress [68].…”

Section: Cellular Antioxidant Activity Of Total Flavonoid Extracts Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption

Tungmunnithum

Drouet

Kabra³

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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Nymphaea lotus L. is the medicinal plant that has long been used for food, cosmetics and traditional medicines in Africa and Asia since ancient times. Its flavonoids and other interesting phytochemical compounds from rhizome, leaf and the whole flowers have been reported in the previous published research. However, stamens, which are essential for reproductive functions, may also represent new alternative sources of potential antioxidant flavonoids, as investigated in this study. The innovative green chemistry methods, i.e., ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as well as a macroporous resin (MPR) purification procedure, were employed in this current research. Using a full factorial design coupled to three-dimensional (3D) surface plot methodology, the influence of three variables, namely aqEtOH concentration (ranging from 50 to 100% (v/v), US frequency (ranging from 0 (no US applied) to 45 kHz), and the extraction duration (ranging from 20 to 60 min), were evaluated. Five MPRs with different surface areas, average pore diameters, matrix types and polarities were also investigated for the purification of total flavonoids. The optimal UAE condition is 90% (v/v) aqEtOH with 34.65 khz ultrasonic frequency and 46 min of extraction duration. Compared with the conventional heat reflux extraction (HRE) method, a significant 1.35-fold increase in total flavonoids content was obtained using optimized UAE conditions (169.64 for HRE vs. 235.45 mg/g dry weight for UAE), causing a 2.80-fold increase when this UAE associated with MPR purification (475.42 mg/g dry weight). In vitro cell free antioxidant activity of N. lotus stamen extracts and in cellulo antioxidant investigation using yeast model showed the same trend, indicating that the best antioxidant flavonoid can be found in UAE coupled with MPR purification. Moreover, in the yeast model, the expression of key antioxidant genes such as SIR2 and SOD2 were expressed at the highest level in yeast cells treated with the extract from UAE together with MPR purification. Consequently, it can be seen that the UAE combined with MPR purification can help enhance the flavonoid antioxidant potential of the stamens extract from this medicinal species.

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“…In human cells, although mechanisms exist for repairing oxidatively damaged biomolecules, some damage remains. The theory of free radical aging assumes from this observation that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) can induce oxidative damage, cause cell dysfunction and physiological deterioration, leading to aging, the emergence of degenerative diseases, and ultimately death [15]. Plants produce numerous active compounds during growth, such as phenolics that serve as natural protective antioxidant agents [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory of free radical aging assumes from this observation that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) can induce oxidative damage, cause cell dysfunction and physiological deterioration, leading to aging, the emergence of degenerative diseases, and ultimately death [15]. Plants produce numerous active compounds during growth, such as phenolics that serve as natural protective antioxidant agents [15,16]. The redox properties of molecules are usually considered accountable for the antioxidant activities [15,17], which allow them to act as reducing agents or donor of hydrogen atoms [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants produce numerous active compounds during growth, such as phenolics that serve as natural protective antioxidant agents [15,16]. The redox properties of molecules are usually considered accountable for the antioxidant activities [15,17], which allow them to act as reducing agents or donor of hydrogen atoms [18]. Inflammation is another major player in the emergence of degenerative diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts

Shah¹,

Jan²,

Drouet³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn is a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonolignans with great potential for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Its biotechnological production using in vitro culture system has been proposed. Chitosan is a well-known elicitor that strongly affects both secondary metabolites and biomass production by plants. The effect of chitosan on S. marianum cell suspension is not known yet. In the present study, suspension cultures of S marianum were exploited for their in vitro potency to produce bioactive flavonolignans in the presence of chitosan. Established cell suspension culture was maintained on the same hormonal media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1.0 mg/L NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) under photoperiod 16/8 h (light/dark) and exposed to various treatments of chitosan (ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L). The highest biomass production was observed for cell suspension treated with 5.0 mg/L chitosan, resulting in 123.3 g/L fresh weight (FW) and 17.7 g/L dry weight (DW) productions. Chitosan treatment resulted in an overall increase in the accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and silymarin. High accumulation levels of silybin B, silydianin and silybin A were recorded by HPLC analysis. The corresponding extracts displayed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In particular, high ABTS antioxidant activity (741.5 μM Trolox C equivalent antioxidant capacity) was recorded in extracts obtained in presence of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan. On the opposite, highest inhibitions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2, 30.5 %), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2, 33.9 %) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-2, 31.6 %) enzymes involved in inflammation process were measured in extracts obtained in presence of 5.0 mg/L of chitosan. Taken together, these results highlight the high potential of the chitosan elicitation of the S. marianum cell suspension for enhanced production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory silymarin-rich extracts.

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Plant Polyphenols, More than Just Simple Natural Antioxidants: Oxidative Stress, Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Cited by 167 publications

References 38 publications

Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants

Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants

Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption

Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts

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