Plant-pollinator Relationships at Two Altitudes in the Andes of Mendoza, Argentina

Medán, Diego; Montaldo, Norberto H.; Devoto, Mariano; Maniese, Anita; Vasellati, Viviana; Roitman, Germán; Bartoloni, Norberto

doi:10.1080/15230430.2002.12003490

Cited by 69 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cerastium fontanum reproduces with cross-pollination or selfing. In our study site selfing is likely very common as it has been demonstrated that selfing rates increase with latitude and altitude (Bliss, 1962;Medan et al, 2002). Moreover, phenological assortative mating can promote local adaptation because the differences in flowering time might lead to partial temporal reproductive barriers, which should reduce gene flow (Soularue & Kremer, 2014;Weis, 2015;Weis & Kossler, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming

Valdés

Marteinsdóttir

Ehrlén

2018

Global Change Biology

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Under global warming, the survival of many populations of sedentary organisms in seasonal environments will largely depend on their ability to cope with warming in situ by means of phenotypic plasticity or adaptive evolution. This is particularly true in high‐latitude environments, where current growing seasons are short, and expected temperature increases large. In such short‐growing season environments, the timing of growth and reproduction is critical to survival. Here, we use the unique setting provided by a natural geothermal soil warming gradient (Hengill geothermal area, Iceland) to study the response of Cerastium fontanum flowering phenology to temperature. We hypothesized that trait expression and phenotypic selection on flowering phenology are related to soil temperature, and tested the hypothesis that temperature‐driven differences in selection on phenology have resulted in genetic differentiation using a common garden experiment. In the field, phenology was related to soil temperature, with plants in warmer microsites flowering earlier than plants at colder microsites. In the common garden, plants responded to spring warming in a counter‐gradient fashion; plants originating from warmer microsites flowered relatively later than those originating from colder microsites. A likely explanation for this pattern is that plants from colder microsites have been selected to compensate for the shorter growing season by starting development at lower temperatures. However, in our study we did not find evidence of variation in phenotypic selection on phenology in relation to temperature, but selection consistently favoured early flowering. Our results show that soil temperature influences trait expression and suggest the existence of genetically based variation in flowering phenology leading to counter‐gradient local adaptation along a gradient of soil temperatures. An important implication of our results is that observed phenotypic responses of phenology to global warming might often be a combination of short‐term plastic responses and long‐term evolutionary responses, acting in different directions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming

Valdés

Marteinsdóttir

Ehrlén

2018

Global Change Biology

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“…A few studies explore the temporal dynamics of pollination networks (e.g., Petanidou 1991 [and later analyses of her data set], Medan et al 2002, 2006, Lundgren and Olesen 2005, Kaiser 2006, and all conclude that several variables have strong temporal dynamics, e.g., species number, species linkage level (number of links of a species to other species), total number of links in the network, network connectance, and nestedness. Connectance is the number of observed links divided by the total number of potential links between all species of plants and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Dynamics in a Pollination Network

Olesen

Bascompte

Elberling³

et al. 2008

Ecology

447

498

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Despite a strong current interest in ecological networks, the bulk of studies are static descriptions of the structure of networks, and very few analyze their temporal dynamics. Yet, understanding network dynamics is important in order to relate network patterns to ecological processes. We studied the day-to-day dynamics of an arctic pollination interaction network over two consecutive seasons. First, we found that new species entering the network tend to interact with already well-connected species, although there are deviations from this trend due, for example, to morphological mismatching between plant and pollinator traits and nonoverlapping phenophases of plant and pollinator species. Thus, temporal dynamics provides a mechanistic explanation for previously reported network patterns such as the heterogeneous distribution of number of interactions across species. Second, we looked for the ecological properties most likely to be mediating this dynamical process and found that both abundance and phenophase length were important determinants of the number of links per species.

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“…Arroyo et al . 1982;Medan et al . 2002) despite the fact that the diversity, abundance and activity of insect pollinators have been reported to be characteristically low due to the low ambient temperatures, short snow-free growing seasons and strong winds that these environments experience (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of a showy invasive plant disrupts pollinator service and reproductive output in native alpine species only at high densities

Muñoz¹,

Cavieres²

2008

Journal of Ecology

160

144

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Summary 1.Alien invasive plants possessing attractive flowers can affect the interactions between native plants and their pollinators. The few studies conducted so far have reported positive, negative and neutral effects of the presence of an invasive species on the pollinator visitation rates and seed output of native species. However, the role played by the density of the alien species has been seldom explored. 2. While high densities of the invasive species can negatively effect the pollinator visitation rates and seed output of the native species, due to sequestration of pollinators by the invasive species, at lower densities the invasive can attract pollinators that otherwise would not visit patches of native species, positively affecting their reproduction. 3. Using observations and pollinator exclusions at a site at 2800 m altitude in the central Chilean Andes, we show that the alien herb Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), possessing showy floral capitula, shares pollinators to a high degree (> 90%) with two co-occurring native Asteraceae: Hypochaeris thrincioides and Perezia carthamoides . Pollinator exclusion indicated that both natives are highly dependent on insect visitation to produce seeds. 4. Using manipulative supplemental hand-pollination and experiments, where we varied the density of T. officinale , we determined that seed output in H. thrincioides and P. carthamoides is pollen-limited and that its magnitude is not affected by the presence of the exotic. Further, while the presence of one individual of T. officinale around focal native individuals showed neutral or facilitative effects on pollinator service or seed output in the two native species, the presence of five individuals of T. officinale negatively affected these reproductive variables. 5. Synthesis . Our results suggest that the effects of the presence of alien invasive plant species with attractive flowers vary with their density. This demonstrates the need to experimentally test for the potential impacts of introduced species at different densities before prematurely coming to conclusions regarding their assumed negative or positive effects in native ecosystems.

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Plant-pollinator Relationships at Two Altitudes in the Andes of Mendoza, Argentina

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming

A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming

Temporal Dynamics in a Pollination Network

The presence of a showy invasive plant disrupts pollinator service and reproductive output in native alpine species only at high densities

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