Plant Phenology: Definition, History, and Response to Environmental Factors

Abstract

P LANT phenology is a field of study that deals with the timing of the biological stages of plants and how they relate to environmental factors. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject, focusing on how plant phenology responds to various environmental conditions. This field has gained prominence in recent decades because of its ability to monitor the impact of climate change on plant life. It is now considered one of the most critical botanical sciences and plant breeding approaches for understanding plant adaptations to specific environments. Although environmental factors can have detrimental effects on plant growth, understanding the phenological traits of plants can help minimize their adverse effects. For example, by selecting the right sowing date for the crop, farmers, growers, and the agricultural industry can be assured of optimal growing conditions, resulting in higher profits for the agricultural industry and farmers.