Plant-parasitic nematodes on golf course turf

Crow, William T.

doi:10.1564/16feb04

Cited by 22 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…N ematodes are microscopic, soil‐dwelling roundworms that are among the most abundant global metazoan organisms, and cause an estimated 8 to 15% ($157 billion USD) of worldwide crop loss annually (Cao et al, 2016; Cheng et al, 2008; Kiontke and Fitch, 2013). Turfgrass is typically grown as a perennial crop that has a dense rooting system and diverse soil microorganism populations, which can promote nematode infestations (Cheng et al, 2008; Crow, 2005). As of 2012, 38 species of plant‐parasitic nematodes in 23 genera were identified in U.S. turfgrass systems (Zeng et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Within golf courses, unacceptable turfgrass damage from nematode activity most commonly occurs on putting greens. This is due to sand‐based rootzones, which is a favorable media for nematode proliferation coupled with more stress‐inducing practices such as lower mowing height and increased mowing frequency on putting greens compared with fairways, roughs, and tees (Crow, 2005).…”

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“…Curative nematode control practices on golf course putting greens are limited. Plant-derived materials (mustard bran), organic amendments (municipal waste, ground shells, or composted manure), and biological controls (beneficial nematodes and bacterial/fungal antagonists) are currently marketed for nematode management on golf courses; however, results are inconsistent and chemical options are commonly required for control (Crow, 2005). Furfural (2-furancarboxaldehyde) is a natural byproduct of plant processing with consistent nematicidal properties.…”

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Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

2016

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Nematodes are microscopic, soil‐dwelling organisms that adversely affect many turfgrass systems, including golf course putting greens. Abamectin controls many nematode species in golf course putting greens; however, high sorption to accumulated organic matter near the soil surface in established turfgrass systems may limit its distribution in soil, thereby limiting its efficacy. Field research was conducted on ‘A1/A4’ creeping bentgrass and ‘Champion’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens to evaluate abamectin distribution in soil following treatment regimens including abamectin application (37 g a.i. ha–1) alone, or tank‐mixed with soil surfactant (Revolution) in tandem with various irrigation timings to promote downward distribution. Laboratory research was also conducted to evaluate 14C‐abamectin soil distribution via treatments comprised of various combinations of simulated irrigation amounts and timings, as well as soil surfactant type (Dispatch or Qualibra) and timing with respect to abamectin application. Abamectin distributed similarly in soil across turfgrass species in field research. At 7 d after treatment (DAT), all irrigation–soil surfactant regimens increased abamectin distribution to the 0‐ to 2.5‐cm soil depth compared with broadcast spray alone; however, no evaluated regimen resulted in >2% of the applied abamectin movement beyond 2.5 cm. In laboratory experiments, 14C‐abamectin soil distribution was affected most by soil surfactant at 3 DAT, with Qualibra increasing distribution (8.2 to 18.4% of applied) to 7.5 cm depth compared with Dispatch or no surfactant. As in field research, irrigation amounts and timings generally affected 14C‐abamectin similarly. This research highlights practices to enhance distribution into the profile, thereby increasing bioavailability and efficacy.

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Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

2016

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“…Several management techniques have been evaluated in attempts to eliminate or suppress damaging plant‐parasitic nematodes. The most common, and often only, method of control has been the use of nematicides (Crow, 2005b). Heald and Burton (1968) found that sting and root‐knot nematode populations were reduced when organic sources of nitrogen were used instead of ammonium nitrate on bermudagrass.…”

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Variable Responses of Zoysiagrass Genotypes to the Sting Nematode

et al. 2010

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Sting nematodes (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) can injure roots of many warm‐season turfgrasses in sandy, well‐drained soils and on artificial, sand‐based putting greens. Resistant or tolerant grasses could reduce the need for chemical control. This research was initiated to assess the host status and relative tolerance of six warm‐season genotypes—four zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd.), one St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], and one bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy]—to the sting nematode by two screening methodologies in sequential glasshouse trials in 2007. All entries were hosts with final sting populations 1.7 to 11.0 times greater than initial inoculation levels. Results indicate that evaluating root lengths of unestablished sprigs under sting nematode pressure may improve the identification of genotypes with greater genetic tolerance than in methods using established plants. Total root lengths were not reduced by sting nematodes in UFZ‐10, indicating greater tolerance than found in other entries. Treatments of ‘Empire’, ‘Cavalier’, ‘Emerald’, ‘TifEagle’, and ‘Floratam’ inoculated 45 d after planting exhibited total root length reductions of 24, 29, 29, 32, and 37%, respectively, when compared with uninoculated controls. The observed variability suggests that gains from selecting for sting nematode resistance or tolerance are possible in zoysiagrass.

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“…Turfgrass managers assumed that the sting nematodes in Australia and the USA were the same and adopted control measures (primarily nematicidcs) that had been developed for use against iB. longicaudatus (Crow, 2005). This has resulted in the nematological literature becoming confused and inconsistent with regards to the identity of the nematodes.…”

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Distribution of southern sting nematode, Ibipora lolii (Nematoda: Belonolaimidae), on turfgrass in Australia and its taxonomic relationship to other belonolaimids

Stirling¹,

Stirling²,

Giblin-Davis

et al. 2013

Nematol

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Molecular evidence from sequences of three regions of ribosomal DNA (partial SSU, ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2, and D2/D3 expansion segments of LSU) is presented to show that the two belonolaimids described from turfgrass in Australia (Ibipora lolii and Morulaimus gigas) are identical. Morutaimus gigas is therefore considered a junior synonym of /. lolii. The decision to place the nematode in Ibipora rather than Morulaimus is supported by molecular studies which showed that /. lolii is not closely related to Morulaimus or Carphodorus, two belonolaimid genera that are only found in Australia. Survey data are presented to show that /. lolii is widespread on turfgrass around Newcastle in New South Wales and in Perth, Western Australia, where the infested area is increasing rapidly, largely because the nematode is being spread in planting material. Ibipora lolii damages all turfgrass species but is particularly damaging to kikuyu grass {Pennisetum clandestinum), the main grass used for sporting fields and recreational areas in warm regions of Australia. Data from an experiment in pots also show that the nematode multiplies to damaging levels on sugarcane. Symptoms on grasses are similar to those caused by the sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, in south-eastern USA, but because the two nematodes are taxonomically different, /. lolii is referred to as the southern sting nematode. Ibipora lolii was not found in surveys of natural vegetation on the east and west coasts of Australia, suggesting that it is an introduced species, possibly originating in South America or the Caribbean, where other Ibipora species are found.

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Plant-parasitic nematodes on golf course turf

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

Variable Responses of Zoysiagrass Genotypes to the Sting Nematode

Distribution of southern sting nematode, Ibipora lolii (Nematoda: Belonolaimidae), on turfgrass in Australia and its taxonomic relationship to other belonolaimids

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