Plant Nutrition Demystified

Adams, Paula

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1999.481.39

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Generally, nitrogen supply in the form of NH 4 should be lower than 10% of total nitrogen in order to minimise the susceptibility of fruit to BER [8] and fruit with gold specks [147,184]. Recently, significant interaction has been reported between NH 4 concentration and the night-time salinity [159].…”

Section: Composition Of the Nutrient Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality

2001

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-The osmotic and ionic effects of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution and its interactions with climatic factors and cultural practices on tomato yield and fruit quality are reviewed. Adjusting the salinity of the nutrient solution allows growers to modify water availability to the crop and hence improve fruit quality. At some point, however, increases in salinity limit marketable yield. Under high ECs, fruit size is inversely related to EC while the dry matter content of the fruit is linearly increased by the EC. The exact rate of yield decline varies with interactions between cultivars, environmental factors, composition of the nutrient solution, and crop management. According to different studies and growth conditions, salinities higher than 2.3-5.1 mS⋅cm -1 result in an undesirable yield reduction, while ECs of 3.5-9.0 mS⋅cm -1 improve tomato fruit quality. Manipulating the indoor climate such as humidity, temperature and ambient CO 2 level may offset the negative effect of high salinity on yield and fruit quality such as blossom-end rot. The light intensity received by the plant directly affects the quantity of photoassimilates available to the fruit, it also increases their sugar: acid ratio, and influences the transpiration rate and the water uptake by the plant, which in turn, affect the EC around the root. Increasing the EC with NaCl reduces titratable acids, potassium and nitrogen in the fruit but also increases their sodium content. NaCl enhances the sweetness of tomato fruit and improves the overall flavour intensity. Depending upon the composition of the saline solution, ion toxicities or nutritional deficiencies may arise because of a predominance of specific ion or competition effects among cations and anions. Keeping the proper nutrient levels and ratios between all the nutrients in the root environment for each growth stage of a crop should be targeted in order to achieve high yields and high quality products throughout the cropping season. Several EC and fertigation management regimes could improve fruit quality and are presented in this review.Lycopersicon esculentum / tomato / electrical conductivity / salinity / fruit quality / greenhouse Résumé -Influence de la régie de la conductivité électrique de la solution nutritive sur le rendement et la qualité de la tomate de serre. Cette revue de littérature porte sur les effets osmotiques et ioniques de la conductivité électrique (CE) de la solution nutritive et de ses liens avec les facteurs climatiques et culturaux sur le rendement et la qualité de la tomate de serre. L'ajustement de la salinité de la solution nutritive permet aux producteurs de modifier la disponibilité en eau pour la plante de façon à contrôler la qualité des fruits. Cependant, des salinités élevées affectent le rendement vendable. Sous une haute CE, le calibre des fruits est inversement relié à la CE alors que le contenu en matière sèche des fruits augmente linéairement avec la CE. Le taux de réduction du rendement varie selon les interactions e...

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Section: Composition Of the Nutrient Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality

2001

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“…The recommended pH value in the feeding solution for tomato grown in hydroponics is 5·5–6·2 (Portree, 1996). Recently, Adams (1999) reported that the optimum pH for tomato production is 4·5–5·0, although unfortunately it was not specified whether this optimum pH range was for the feeding solution or the root environment. It has been observed that the pH in the root zone of tomatoes grown in rockwool can rise to 6·5–7·5 regardless of the pH in the feeding solution (5·0–6·0).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrient solution pH on the survival and transmission of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis in hydroponically grown tomatoes

Huang

2001

Plant Pathology

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The effect of pH on the survival of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and its transmission via roots of tomato in hydroponic culture was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. In a laboratory experiment, C. m. ssp. michiganensis could not survive for 24 h in nutrient solutions with a pH of 4´0 or 4´5, while 1, 14, 51 and 62% of inoculum survived at pH 5´0, 5´5, 6´0 and 6´5, respectively. When tomato plants were inoculated with C. m. ssp. michiganensis through wounds on the stems, the bacteria moved downward from the inoculation site to the roots and infectious bacteria were released from the roots into the nutrient solution. Of two pH regimes tested in greenhouse nutrient-film technique (NFT) culture, the C. m. ssp. michiganensis population was significantly lower in pH 5´0 than in pH 6´5 in most sampling data. In treatments in which C. m. ssp. michiganensis was introduced by transplanting two root-inoculated plants, significantly more plants developed canker at pH 6´5 (34 out of 48 plants) than at pH 5´0 (11 out of 48 plants). When the bacterium was introduced by transplanting two stem-inoculated plants at pH 6´5, seven out of 24 plants developed canker. The potential of pH manipulation in controlling tomato bacterial canker in hydroponic culture is discussed.

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“…That stated, the presence of ammonium at a low concentration may favor plant growth. It has been demonstrated that a supply of 4.7% NH 4 -N can stimulate lettuce growth and enhance phosphorus uptake (Savvas et al 2006), while Adams (1999) recommends an NH 4 -N concentration between 10 and 20%. In most commonly used nutrient solutions for greenhouses, however, 40% of total nitrogen is in Table 1 Nutrient variation in the manure extract solutions Mean nutrient concentrations in the chicken, cow, and turkey manure extract solutions (± standard error [S.E.])…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the different manure extract solutions, the potassium:nitrogen ratio was always above 4, even for the control Hoagland solution. Elevated levels of potassium can reduce calcium and manganese uptake, and most vegetative plants require a potassium:nitrogen ratio of 1.2, while fruitbearing plants can require a higher ratio of 1.5:1 (Adams 1999). For lettuce and tomato plants, ideal potassium: nitrogen ratios are 1.7:1 and 2.5:1, respectively (Adams 1999).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerated chicken, cow, and turkey manure extracts differentially affect lettuce and kale yield in hydroponics

Tikasz

MacPherson

Adamchuk

et al. 2019

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose Manure extracts possess great potential as alternate inorganic fertilizers. However, limited information exists on how manure influences plant growth. This study's aim was to determine the impact of aerated manure extracts on romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) and Russian kale (Brassica napus var. 'Red Russian') in hydroponic systems. Methods Chicken, cow, and turkey manure extract solutions (10, 25, and 50 g/L manure) were compared to a control (Hoagland) solution for lettuce and kale grown in an ebb and flow hydroponic system. Results The aboveground dry mass of lettuce grown in a 50 g/L turkey manure extract solution was greater than that of the control. The largest aboveground wet mass for kale occurred with the control. Nutrient analyses of all manure extract solutions showed a 29%-79% higher concentration of NH 4-N and higher total nitrogen than the control. Principal component analysis of the nutrient solutions identified six nutrients that should be monitored to maximize plant yield when using manure extracts in hydroponics: NO 3 − , NH 4 + , Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na. Conclusions Healthy lettuce and kale plants were grown in turkey manure extract solution (50 g/L). However, reduced aboveground wet and dry mass were recorded for both plants in chicken and cow manure extract solutions compared to the control. NH 4 + toxicity likely killed all plants grown in chicken extract (50 g/L). Apart from NH 4 + and P, all nutrients were below suggested concentrations suggested for lettuce growth. A combined manure/mineral fertilizer may be necessary to optimize hydroponic solutions.

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Plant Nutrition Demystified

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality

Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality

Effects of nutrient solution pH on the survival and transmission of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis in hydroponically grown tomatoes

Aerated chicken, cow, and turkey manure extracts differentially affect lettuce and kale yield in hydroponics

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