Plant NLR targets P-type ATPase for executing plasma membrane depolarization leading to calcium influx and cell death

Abstract

Hypersensitive response (HR) is a robust immune response mediated by plant nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR). However, the early molecular event linking NLR to cell death is obscure. Here we demonstrate that NLR targets plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMA) generating electrochemical potential across the membrane. CCA309, an autoactive N-terminal domain of pepper coiled-coil NLR (CNL), associates with PMAs and its autoactivity is affected by silencing or overexpression of PMA. CCA309-induced extracellular alkalization accompanied with membrane depolarization is followed by calcium influx and cell death. CCA309 interacts with C-terminal regulatory domain of PMA and 14-3-3 negatively affects CCA309-induced cell death. Moreover, pharmacological experiments with fusicoccin, an irreversible PMA activator, confirmed that CC- and CNL-mediated cell death occurred through inhibiting PMA. We propose PMAs as the primary target of plasma membrane-associated CNL to disrupt electrochemical homeostasis leading to HR cell death.

Identification of protein interactions of grapevine fanleaf virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by affinity purification and tandem mass spectrometry

“…Most of the plant proteins reported in this study were also described in the interactome of purified potato leafroll virus (genus Polevirus , family Luteovidae ) virions during infection of N. benthamiana [18]. Additionally, recent evidence supports a role for PMA1 in the induction of an immune response manifested by cell death in N. benthamiana , as shown by silencing and overexpression assays [33].…”

A Phytophthora nucleolar effector, Pi23226, targets to host ribosome biogenesis for necrotrophic cell death

“…Plant immune receptors can recognize effector activities and induce HR cell death as an immune response. Most of the disease-resistant HR cell death induced by immune receptor recognition is associated with the plasma membrane and cytosol (Bi et al, 2021; Lee et al, 2020, 2021). Pathogens also facilitate host cell death to gain benefits from the dying tissue by transiting from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase.…”