Plant nitrogen dynamics in fertilized and natural New England salt marshes: a paired 15N tracer study

Drake, Deanne C.; Peterson, Bruce J.; Deegan, Linda A.; Harris, Lora A.; Miller, E. E.; Warren, Robert

doi:10.3354/meps07170

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Sequestration by plants and sediments was quantified at the end of the five-day paired addition. Companion papers examine effects of the fertilization on salt marsh food web structure (Galva´n et al 2008), plant N dynamics (Drake et al 2008), and denitrification and dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium (Koop-Jakobsen 2008). METHODS TIDE, which stands for ''trophic cascades and interacting control processes in a detritus-based aquatic ecosystem,'' is a multiyear, ecosystem-scale, manipulative study in the extensive salt marshes of Plum Island, Massachusetts, USA (Fig.…”

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Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired ¹⁵N tracer study

Drake

Peterson

Galván

et al. 2009

Ecology

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in the fertilized system but could not be accurately calculated in the reference system due to rapid (,4 h) NO 3 À turnover. Over the fiveday paired tracer addition, sediments sequestered a small fraction of incoming NO 3 À , although the efficiency of sequestration was 3.8% in the reference system and 0.7% in the fertilized system. Gross sediment N sequestration rates were similar at 13.5 and 12.6 molÁha À1 Ád À1 , respectively. Macrophyte NO 3 À uptake efficiency, based on tracer incorporation in aboveground tissues, was considerably higher in the reference system (16.8%) than the fertilized system (2.6%), although bulk uptake of NO 3 À by plants was lower in the reference system (1.75 mol NO 3) than the fertilized system (;10 mol NO 3 À Áha À1 Ád À1 ). Nitrogen processing efficiency decreased with NO 3 À load in all pools, suggesting that the nutrient processing capacity of the marsh ecosystem was exceeded in the fertilized marsh.

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confidence: 99%

“…Methods relevant to the paired 15 N tracer studies are summarized briefly here, and a detailed description is provided in Appendix A. Portions of the methods are reproduced from Drake et al (2008) with permission of the Inter-research Science Center. lmol/L.…”

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Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired ¹⁵N tracer study

Drake

Peterson

Galván

et al. 2009

Ecology

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confidence: 95%

“…Both subspecies of Phragmites australis assimilate organic N faster than Spartina alterniflora . Introduced P. australis has faster growth rates than S. patens (Windham 2001) and S. alterniflora (Farnsworth & Meyerson 2003), and S. alterniflora has higher NUE, relative growth rate and biomass production than S. patens (Drake et al 2008).Prior work on GS in salt marsh plants found that GS activity changed with environmental cues. Stewart & Rhodes (1978) tested activity of N-assimilation enzymes in salt marsh species, proposing that production of [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] 2010 N-based osmolytes requires a high NUE.…”

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“…Spartina alterniflora is more stress tolerant than S. patens (Maricle et al 2007), but stress increases its N requirement (Bradley & Morris 1992). To tolerate the low marsh environment, S. alterniflora has a higher Nuptake rate, NUE and biomass accumulation than S. patens (Drake et al 2008). S. alterniflora is likewise more salt tolerant than introduced Phragmites australis (Vasquez et al 2006); however, once established, P. australis can outcompete S. alterniflora under field salinities and has greater N-uptake rates, tissue N concentration (Farnsworth & Meyerson 2003), shoot biomass, root biomass (under controlled conditions: introduced P. australis > native P. australis > S. alterniflora), a higher affinity for N at low and high concentrations and more readily uses dissolved organic N .…”

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Glutamine synthetase partitioning in native and introduced salt marsh grasses

Hazelton¹,

Knight²,

Theodose³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Plants with higher glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in photosynthetic tissues than below-ground structures (high leaf:root [L:R] GS activity) show growth advantages over plants with a low L:R GS activity ratio. The benefits of a high L:R GS activity ratio are well documented in agricultural systems, but little is known about the ecology of GS partitioning in natural systems. To determine the ecological significance of GS partitioning, we measured above-and below-ground GS activity in Spartina grasses field-collected from a Maine salt marsh and others raised in a growth chamber from seed. The more stress-tolerant, faster growing S. alterniflora had a higher L:R GS activity than S. patens in chamber-and marsh-grown plants throughout the growing season. Additionally, we compared GS partitioning in native and introduced subspecies of Phragmites australis. While we did not find a significant difference between the subspecies, the L:R GS activity in both native and introduced reeds was among the highest reported. Our results indicate that high L:R GS activity corresponds with observed stress tolerance, growth and competitive ability in both natural and agricultural systems.KEY WORDS: Nitrogen metabolism · Spartina · Salt marsh · Glutamine synthetase · Phragmites australis · Native Phragmites · Invasive plants · Enzyme partitioning Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 414: [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] 2010 of growth (Colmer et al. 1996, Hester et al. 2001, requiring a high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to balance stress tolerance and growth (Stewart & Rhodes 1978). Spartina alterniflora is more stress tolerant than S. patens (Maricle et al. 2007), but stress increases its N requirement (Bradley & Morris 1992). To tolerate the low marsh environment, S. alterniflora has a higher Nuptake rate, NUE and biomass accumulation than S. patens (Drake et al. 2008). S. alterniflora is likewise more salt tolerant than introduced Phragmites australis (Vasquez et al. 2006); however, once established, P. australis can outcompete S. alterniflora under field salinities and has greater N-uptake rates, tissue N concentration (Farnsworth & Meyerson 2003), shoot biomass, root biomass (under controlled conditions: introduced P. australis > native P. australis > S. alterniflora), a higher affinity for N at low and high concentrations and more readily uses dissolved organic N .We compared Spartina patens and S. alterniflora and the 2 subspecies of Phragmites australis to investigate how the location of glutamine synthetase (GS) relates to growth in salt marsh plants. GS is the rate-limiting enzyme in amino acid biosynthesis (Lam et al. 1996, Kichey et al. 2006. As part of the GS-(GOGAT) cycle, GS assimilates inorganic N (NH 4 + ) by catalyzing the ammination of glutamate to glutamine (Miflin & Lea 1977). Multiple isoforms of GS fall into 3 general categories: cytosolic GS I , chloroplastic GS II and root-specific GS (GS R ) (Lam et al. 1996). Leaf GS is critical to a...

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Ecosystem scale nitrification and watershed support of tidal creek productivity revealed using whole system isotope tracer labeling

Duernberger

Tobias

Mallin

2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Tidal creeks are common coastal features of low‐slope continental margins that connect nitrogen (N)‐replete watersheds to N‐limited coastal oceans. We conducted a 3‐week whole tidal creek 15 NO3− tracer labeling experiment to quantify creek‐scale NO3− inputs and transformations and to evaluate ecosystem dependence on watershed NO3− delivery. Isotopic 15N enrichments of creek NO3− were hundreds to thousands of per mil depending on tidal stage and watershed discharge. We detected tracer movement into microalgae, macrophytes, zooplankton, epifauna, water column ammonium, and bulk sediments throughout the tidal prism. Tracer enrichment of dissolved N2 was detected along the study reach and permitted estimation of denitrification at the whole‐system scale. All data were used to build a NO3− isotope budget to quantify whole system nitrification and to calibrate a first order biota tracer model that yielded species‐specific turnover times and estimates of how much N demand was ultimately derived from the labeled creek 15 NO3−. Combining results from the NO3− isotope budget and the biota tracer model supported the following conclusions: (1) Under base flow conditions, the watershed flux of NO3− was small compared to the amount of NO3− produced within the creek via nitrification; (2) Approximately half of all NO3− inputs to the creek were attenuated within the creek principally by biological assimilation prior to downstream transport; (3) Biological uptake reduced watershed derived NO3− loads by ∼ 50%, but the majority of their N requirement was generated within the creek.

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Plant nitrogen dynamics in fertilized and natural New England salt marshes: a paired 15N tracer study

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired ¹⁵N tracer study

Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired ¹⁵N tracer study

Glutamine synthetase partitioning in native and introduced salt marsh grasses

Ecosystem scale nitrification and watershed support of tidal creek productivity revealed using whole system isotope tracer labeling

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Plant nitrogen dynamics in fertilized and natural New England salt marshes: a paired 15N tracer study

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired 15N tracer study

Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired 15N tracer study

Glutamine synthetase partitioning in native and introduced salt marsh grasses

Ecosystem scale nitrification and watershed support of tidal creek productivity revealed using whole system isotope tracer labeling

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Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired ¹⁵N tracer study

Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: a paired ¹⁵N tracer study