Plant Nematode Control

Abstract

The cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii belongs to the most important biotic stress factors in sugar beet cultivation. Nematodes can be controlled by crop rotation, by fumigation with nematicides or by growing resistant crops. However, nematicides are no longer admitted to be used because of their toxic environmental impacts, the crop rotation system is often agronomically impracticable and the genetic resistance is so far not available in sugar beet germplasms. Thus, alternative strategies for nematode control have been applied in the past years. For instance, genetic resistance from wild beet species were identified and transferred into the elite breeding materials. Today several nematode tolerant varieties of sugar beet are commercially available. In addition, different approaches based on genetic engineering have been developed to improve plant nematode resistance. Nevertheless, an effective control of nematodes in sugar beet cultivation still remains a great challenge.

Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 1. Insights from the estimation of effective population sizes

“…; Thurau et al. ). Although resistance to H. schachtii has not yet been defeated in commercial crops, we know that natural populations can be virulent against specific resistance genes (Müller ).…”

“…Genetically resistant sugar beet is thus considered as the most promising nematode management method. However, the development of resistance-breaking strains of this nematode is a main concern (Zhang et al 2008;Thurau et al 2011). Although resistance to H. schachtii has not yet been defeated in commercial crops, we know that natural populations can be virulent against specific resistance genes (M€ uller 1998).…”

Genetic diversity of Patellifolia patellaris from the Iberian Peninsula, a crop wild relative of cultivated beets

“…A. J. Scott, Ford-Lloyd and J. T. Williams into Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris and is being used in sugar beet production today (Thurau et al 2011). Genetic resources of Patellifolia species will gain even more importance with the expansion of sugar beet production to new regions and ecological conditions (Hassan 2008).…”

Registration of sugar beet mapping populations CN239, CN240, and CN241 segregating for resistance to Heterodera schachtii from sea beet

“…Infested plants often wilt at midday, even when soil moisture is at field capacity, and as few as two eggs per cubic centimeter of infested soil are enough to cause significant economic losses (Griffin, 1988; Robb et al., 1992). In many growing areas, particularly in California, nematicides are no longer available and wide crop rotations with nonhost plants often are not economical (Kleine et al., 1998; Thurau et al., 2010). The introduction of nematode resistance into sugar beet is an efficient management measure available for nematodes (Jung et al., 1998; Lewellen & Schrandt, 2001; Taguchi et al., 2010).…”