Plant–microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall

Dora, Susanne; Terrett, Oliver M.; Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Clara

doi:10.1093/plcell/koac040

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…The cell walls of plants, insects, fungi, and bacteria provide structural support while also serving as an interface with competing microorganisms, natural predators, and host immune cells [2,3,12,41,[48][49][50]. Cell wall polysaccharides are dynamically synthesized, degraded and modified in responses to changing environmental conditions [2,49,50]. In this way, changes in these structural carbohydrates allow rapid adaptation to evolving extracellular stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is required for cell wall integrity, thermotolerance, and virulence of the fungal human pathogenCryptococcus neoformans

Probst

Hallas-Møller

Ipsen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fungi often adapt to environmental stress by altering their size, shape, or rate of cell division. These morphological changes require reorganization of the cell wall, a structural feature external to the cell membrane composed of highly interconnected polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that are typically secreted into the extracellular space to catalyze initial oxidative steps in the degradation of complex biopolymers such as chitin and cellulose. However, their roles in modifying endogenous microbial carbohydrates are poorly characterized. The CEL1 gene in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is predicted by sequence homology to encode an LPMO of the AA9 enzyme family. The CEL1 gene is induced by host physiological pH and temperature, and it is primarily localized to the fungal cell wall. Targeted mutation of the CEL1 gene revealed that it is required for the expression of stress response phenotypes, including thermotolerance, cell wall integrity, and efficient cell cycle progression. Accordingly, a cel1Δ deletion mutant was avirulent in two models of C. neoformans infection. Therefore, in contrast to LPMO activity in other microorganisms that primarily targets exogenous polysaccharides, these data suggest that CnCel1 promotes intrinsic fungal cell wall remodeling events required for efficient adaptation to the host environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is required for cell wall integrity, thermotolerance, and virulence of the fungal human pathogenCryptococcus neoformans

Probst

Hallas-Møller

Ipsen

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Auxin triggers apoplastic acidification by activating plasma membrane P-type H + -ATPases (AHAs) along with cell wall relaxation [ 311 ]. The apoplastic pH also changes during plant/microbe interactions and functions as an integrator of signaling in roots [ 312 , 313 ]. This has profound influence on protein/protein interactions, their enzyme activities and signaling.…”

Section: Crosstalk and Downstream Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall

Oelmüller

Tseng

Gandhi

2023

IJMS

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The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.

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“…The recognition of friend versus foe is still incompletely understood in signaling between the host plant and the pathogen interaction [138][139][140][141]. Another critical challenge is to elucidate the biological roles of receptor-like kinases (RLK) mediated by endocytosis in the plant interaction with microbes, aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens and non-pathogen microorganisms can reprogram the RLK trafficking [142,143]. Besides, the role of MIR against viruses and foliar phytopathogens stays in the speculative field.…”

Section: Mycorrhiza-induced Resistance: New Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Association and Plant Disease Protection: New Perspectives

Filho¹

2023

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agriculture - New Insights

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Soil fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and plants form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. The AM fungi, during the symbiosis, establish a sink for plant photosynthate by utilizing it for biomass and metabolic energy, while the AM plants obtain nutrients and water through the AMF hyphae. The benefits of AM symbiosis on plant fitness include better mineral nutrition, especially those that are immobile in soil solution (e.g., phosphorus, copper, and zinc), and higher tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, high soil temperature, presence of heavy metals, and others abiotic factors. Recent studies have revealed that AMF can suppress pests and plant diseases by the activation of defense regulatory genes. The knowledge of the mechanisms behind the induction of resistance by mycorrhizal symbiosis (mycorrhizal-induced resistance [MIR]) remains unknown. This chapter describes the current advanced status of the role of MIR in plant disease protection.

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Plant–microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall

Cited by 43 publications

References 233 publications

A fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is required for cell wall integrity, thermotolerance, and virulence of the fungal human pathogenCryptococcus neoformans

A fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is required for cell wall integrity, thermotolerance, and virulence of the fungal human pathogenCryptococcus neoformans

Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall

Mycorrhizal Association and Plant Disease Protection: New Perspectives

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