Plant Mediated Interactions between Above- and Below-Ground Insect Herbivores

Masters, Gregory J.; Brown, V. K.; Gange, Alan C.

doi:10.2307/3545209

Cited by 238 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Masters et al , 1993 ), more recent studies on induced plant defences contradict the generality of these earlier predictions ( Bezemer & van Dam, 2005 ). Moreover, interactions between above-and belowground consumers often vary widely between being positive, negative, and neutral across different plant and herbivore systems ( Johnson et al , 2008 ).…”

Section: Study System and Mechanistic Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Field evidence for indirect interactions between foliar‐feeding insect and root‐feeding nematode communities on Nicotiana tabacum

Kaplan

Sardanelli

Denno

2009

Ecological Entomology

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. 1. As herbivory often elicits systemic changes in plant traits, indirect interactions via induced plant responses may be a pervasive feature structuring herbivore communities. Although the importance of this phenomenon has been emphasised for herbivorous insects, it is unknown if and how induced responses contribute to the organisation of other major phytoparasitic taxa.2. Survey and experimental field studies were used to investigate the role of plants in linking the dynamics of foliar-feeding insects and root-feeding nematodes on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum .3. Plant-mediated interactions between insects and nematodes could largely be differentiated by insect feeding guild, with positive insect -nematode interactions predominating with leaf-chewing insects (caterpillars) and negative interactions occurring with sap-feeding insects (aphids). For example, insect defoliation was positively correlated with the abundance of root-feeding nematodes, but aphids and nematodes were negatively correlated. Experimental field manipulations of foliar insect and nematode root herbivory also tended to support this outcome.4. Overall, these results suggest that plants indirectly link the dynamics of divergent consumer taxa in spatially distinct ecosystems. This lends support to the growing perception that plants play a critical role in propagating indirect effects among a diverse assemblage of consumers.

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Section: Study System and Mechanistic Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Field evidence for indirect interactions between foliar‐feeding insect and root‐feeding nematode communities on Nicotiana tabacum

Kaplan

Sardanelli

Denno

2009

Ecological Entomology

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“…In all of these studies, natural densities of soil arthropods had either no influence (Evans, 1991) or led to an increase (Evans, 1991;Masters et al, 1993Masters et al, , 2001Masters, 1995) in aboveground herbivory. As there is little specificity in insecticide treatments, it is impossible to disentangle the effects of different soil arthropod taxa on plant-insect interactions from these older studies.…”

Section: The Effect Of Root Herbivores On Aboveground Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Soil Organisms on Aboveground Plant-Insect Interactions in the Field: Patterns, Mechanisms and the Role of Methodology

et al. 2018

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Soil biota-plant interactions play a dominant role in terrestrial ecosystems. Through nutrient mineralization and mutualistic or antagonistic interactions with plants soil biota can affect plant performance and physiology and via this affect plant-associated aboveground insects. There is a large body of work in this field that has already been synthesized in various review papers. However, most of the studies have been carried out under highly controlled laboratory or greenhouse conditions. Here, we review studies that manipulate soil organisms of four dominant taxa (i.e., bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and soil arthropods) in the field and assess the effects on the growth of plants and interactions with associated aboveground insects. We show that soil organisms play an important role in shaping plant-insect interactions in the field and that general patterns can be found for some taxa. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria generally have negative effects on herbivore performance or abundance, most likely through priming of defenses in the host plant. Addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has positive effects on sap sucking herbivores, which is likely due to positive effects of AMF on nutrient levels in the phloem. The majority of AMF effects on chewers were neutral but when present, AMF effects were positive for specialist and negative for generalist chewing herbivores. AMF addition has negative effects on natural enemies in the field, suggesting that AMF may affect plant attractiveness for natural enemies, e.g., through volatile profiles. Alternatively, AMF may affect the quality of prey or host insects mediated by plant quality, which may in turn affect the performance and density of natural enemies. Nematodes negatively affect the performance of sap sucking herbivores (generally through phloem quality) but have no effect on chewing herbivores. For soil arthropods there are no clear patterns yet. We further show that the methodology used plays an important role in influencing the outcomes of field studies. Studies using potted plants in the field and studies that remove target soil taxa by means of pesticides are most likely to detect significant results. Lastly, we discuss suggestions for future research that could increase our understanding of soil biota-plant-insect interactions in the field.

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“…Root feeding by insect larvae can induce systemic plant defensive responses that affect aboveground herbivores (Bezemer et al , 2004Soler et al 2005;Van Dam et al 2005). Root-feeding insect larvae may also affect water uptake of plants, thus leading to drought stress symptoms that influence aboveground herbivores (Masters et al 1993;Poveda et al 2005). Plant-mediated interactions between root and shoot herbivores likely depend on the plant and herbivore species, as well as on abiotic factors (Wurst and Van der Putten 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in Plant Defense Alters Effects of Root Herbivores on Leaf Chemistry and Aboveground Herbivore Damage

et al. 2008

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Root herbivores can indirectly affect aboveground herbivores by altering the food quality of the plant. However, it is largely unknown whether plant genotypes differ in their response to root herbivores, leading to variable defensive phenotypes. In this study, we investigated whether rootfeeding insect larvae (Agriotes sp. larvae, wireworms) induce different responses in Plantago lanceolata plants from lines selected for low and high levels of iridoid glycosides (IG). In the absence of wireworms, plants of the "high-IG line" contained approximately twofold higher levels of total IG and threefold higher levels of catalpol (one of the IG) in leaves than plants from the "low-IG line," whereas both lines had similar levels of IG in roots. In response to wireworms, roots of plants from both lines showed increased concentrations of catalpol. Leaves of "low-IG line" plants increased catalpol concentrations in response to wireworms, whereas catalpol concentrations of leaves of "high-IG line" plants decreased. In contrast, glucose concentrations in roots of "low-IG" plants decreased, while they increased in "high-IG" plants after feeding by wireworms. The leaf volatile profile differed between the lines, but was not affected by root herbivores. In the field, leaf damage by herbivores was higher in wireworm-induced compared to noninduced "low-IG" plants and lower in wireworm-induced compared to noninduced "high-IG" plants, despite induction of catalpol in leaves of the "low-IG" plants and reduction in "high-IG" plants. This pattern might arise if damage is caused mainly by specialist herbivores for which catalpol may act as feeding stimulant rather than as deterrent. The present study documents for the first time that intraspecific variation in plant defense affects the outcome of plant-mediated interactions between root and shoot herbivores.

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Plant Mediated Interactions between Above- and Below-Ground Insect Herbivores

Cited by 238 publications

References 16 publications

Field evidence for indirect interactions between foliar‐feeding insect and root‐feeding nematode communities on Nicotiana tabacum

Field evidence for indirect interactions between foliar‐feeding insect and root‐feeding nematode communities on Nicotiana tabacum

Effects of Soil Organisms on Aboveground Plant-Insect Interactions in the Field: Patterns, Mechanisms and the Role of Methodology

Intraspecific Variation in Plant Defense Alters Effects of Root Herbivores on Leaf Chemistry and Aboveground Herbivore Damage

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