Plant Life in a CO2-Rich World

Bazzaz, F. A.; Fajer, Eric D.

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0192-68

Cited by 161 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Research has shown that increased CO 2 may increase the carbon-nitrogen ratio of leaves (Fajer et al 1989). Such a change would reduce the nutritional value of vegetation to insects and force insect herbivores to consume more vegetation to meet their nutritional needs (Bazzaz & Fajer 1992). Insects feeding on vegetation grown in high CO 2 environments increase their consumption by 20 to 80% (Bazzaz 1990).…”

Section: Physiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential effects of climate change on U.S. forests: a review

Winnett

1998

Clim. Res.

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Human-induced changes in climate are likely to affect U.S. domestic forests and the economic systems which rely on them. This paper reviews current knowledge of how changes in temperature and precipitation could affect tree species, forest ecosystems, and the forest products sector of the economy. The various types of models used to predict change and the results they calculate are examined. Models currently project both increases and decreases in the range of various species and ecosystems, and similar results for changes in the productivity, biomass and growth of forests in response to changes in climate. Results vary with the models used, the species or ecosystem studied, and the specific condition of the forest in question. The science of forests and global change is reviewed with regard to plant responses to enhanced CO 2 environments and forests' response to other bioclimatic and indirect factors, such as insect predation, fire, climatic variation and ozone. Three studies of the economic effects of climate change on forests, which project a range of losses and benefits to the economy, are compared. Economic results vary directly with the results of the forest growth and productivity models which were employed as inputs. No one model can provide a complete answer, and current knowledge and models are limited in various ways which point to areas where further research could provide benefits.

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Section: Physiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential effects of climate change on U.S. forests: a review

Winnett

1998

Clim. Res.

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“…While thousands of papers have been published on the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on plants and plant communities (Mooney et al, 1991;Bazzaz and Fajer, 1992;Bowes, 1993;Curtis et al, 1994;Mooney and Koch, 1994;Drake et al, 1997), trees and forests have generally been underrepresented in the CO 2 literature (Ceulemans and Mousseau, 1994;Scarascia-Mugnozza et al, 2001). Nevertheless, a growing body of excellent reviews has been published in the past 8 years about the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems (Ceulemans and Mousseau, 1994;Curtis, 1996;Curtis and Wang, 1998;Saxe et al, 1998;Norby et al, 1999;Karnosky et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

Karnosky

2003

Environment International

107

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Atmospheric CO 2 is rising rapidly, and options for slowing the CO 2 rise are politically charged as they largely require reductions in industrial CO 2 emissions for most developed countries. As forests cover some 43% of the Earth's surface, account for some 70% of terrestrial net primary production (NPP), and are being bartered for carbon mitigation, it is critically important that we continue to reduce the uncertainties about the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest tree growth, productivity, and forest ecosystem function. In this paper, I review knowledge gaps and research needs on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest above-and below-ground growth and productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, water relations, wood quality, phenology, community dynamics and biodiversity, antioxidants and stress tolerance, interactions with air pollutants, heterotrophic interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Finally, I discuss research needs regarding modeling of the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forests.Even though there has been a tremendous amount of research done with elevated CO 2 and forest trees, it remains difficult to predict future forest growth and productivity under elevated atmospheric CO 2 . Likewise, it is not easy to predict how forest ecosystem processes will respond to enriched CO 2 . The more we study the impacts of increasing CO 2 , the more we realize that tree and forest responses are yet largely uncertain due to differences in responsiveness by species, genotype, and functional group, and the complex interactions of elevated atmospheric CO 2 with soil fertility, drought, pests, and co-occurring atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen deposition and O 3 . Furthermore, it is impossible to predict ecosystem-level responses based on short-term studies of young trees grown without interacting stresses and in small spaces without the element of competition. Long-term studies using free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) technologies or forest stands around natural CO 2 vents are needed to increase the knowledge base on forest ecosystem responses to elevated atmospheric CO 2 . In addition, new experimental protocols need to continue to be developed that will allow for mature trees to be examined in natural ecosystems. These studies should be closely linked to modeling efforts so that the inference capacity from these expensive and long-term studies can be maximized. D

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“…but the beneficial direct impact of elevated (CO 2 ) can be counteracted by other effects of climate change, such as elevated temperatures, higher troposphere ozone concentrations and altered patterns of precipitation [7] [8]. Studies on various plant species have suggested that climate changes will affect the development, growth and productivity of plants through alterations in their biochemical, physiological and morphogenetic processes [9]. The high yielding varieties of rice and wheat developed through modern technologies have contributed significantly in achieving good harvest [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rising Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Concentrations and Temperature on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice Genotypes in Sub Humid Climate of Eastern India

Dwivedi¹,

Kumar²,

Prakash³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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A possible scenario for the end of the 21st century is that the atmospheric CO2 concentration will be in the range of 510 -760 μl•L -I and that the mean global temperature will be 1.5˚C -4.5˚C higher than present day. One of the pre-eminent manifestations of climate change is the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Both CO2 and temperature are the key variables of global climate and may cause significant changes in crop productivity. An experiment was conducted inside open top chamber (OTCs) in kharif season 2014 to evaluate the effects of CO2 enrichment and temperature rise with condition OTC1 (ambient condition), OTC2 (25% higher CO2 than ambient), OTC3 (25% higher CO2 + 2˚C ˃ ambient temperature) and OTC4 (2˚C ˃ ambient temperature) on physiological traits and yield of rice genotypes to identify the suitable genotypes for changing climatic conditions. The study revealed that rice genotypes performed better under elevated CO2, with slight changes in development, such as growth and in yield attributing traits, depending on the genotypes. However, the beneficial direct impact of elevated (CO2) on crop yield can be counteract by elevated temperatures. Rice genotype IR83376-B-B-24-2 was highly responsive while IR84895-B-127-CRA-5-1-1 was least responsive toward elevated CO2. Physiological traits like relative water content (RWC %), membrane stability index (MSI %), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and TSS content were improved under elevated CO2. However, responses of these traits were negative with elevated temperature. We point out that studies related to changes in crop physiology and * Corresponding author. S. K. Dwivedi et al. 2340yield as a consequence of global climatic changes should be a priority due to their association with food security.

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Plant Life in a CO2-Rich World

Cited by 161 publications

References 0 publications

The potential effects of climate change on U.S. forests: a review

The potential effects of climate change on U.S. forests: a review

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

Influence of Rising Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Concentrations and Temperature on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice Genotypes in Sub Humid Climate of Eastern India

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Plant Life in a CO2-Rich World

Cited by 161 publications

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The potential effects of climate change on U.S. forests: a review

The potential effects of climate change on U.S. forests: a review

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

Influence of Rising Atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Concentrations and Temperature on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice Genotypes in Sub Humid Climate of Eastern India

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Influence of Rising Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Concentrations and Temperature on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice Genotypes in Sub Humid Climate of Eastern India