Plant host relationships of three lineages of the gall-inducing fly Fergusonina Malloch (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) on Eucalyptus L’Hérit.

Purcell, Michaela; Thornhill, Andrew H.; Wallenius, Thomas; Rowell, David M.

doi:10.1007/s11829-017-9561-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The prevalence host switching could reflect two nonexclusive influences. It should arise if hosts respond to diverse sets of specialized antagonists with batteries of defences (Jermy, ; Janz, ; Hardy & Otto, ), and is commonly observed for figs and galling wasps (Cook & Segar, ) and other antagonistic associations (Doña et al ., ; Hsu et al ., ; Purcell et al ., ). Host switching could also be promoted by competition among multiple galling species contesting for access to ovules of the same fig species (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The nature of interspecific interactions and co‐diversification patterns, as illustrated by the fig microcosm

et al. 2019

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Interactions between mutualists, competitors, and antagonists have contrasting ecological effects that, sustained over generations, can influence micro-and macroevolution. Dissimilar benefits and costs for these interactions should cause contrasting co-diversification patterns between interacting clades, with prevalent co-speciation by mutualists, association loss by competitors, and host switching by antagonists.We assessed these expectations for a local assemblage of 26 fig species (Moraceae: Ficus), 26 species of mutualistic (pollinating), and 33 species of parasitic (galling) wasps (Chalcidoidea). Using newly acquired gene sequences, we inferred the phylogenies for all three clades. We then compared the three possible pairs of phylogenies to assess phylogenetic congruence and the relative frequencies of co-speciation, association duplication, switching, and loss.The paired phylogenies of pollinators with their mutualists and competitors were significantly congruent, unlike that of figs and their parasites. The distributions of macroevolutionary events largely agreed with expectations for mutualists and antagonists. By contrast, that for competitors involved relatively frequent association switching, as expected, but also unexpectedly frequent co-speciation. The latter result likely reflects the heterogeneous nature of competition among fig wasps.These results illustrate the influence of different interspecific interactions on co-diversification, while also revealing its dependence on specific characteristics of those interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The nature of interspecific interactions and co‐diversification patterns, as illustrated by the fig microcosm

et al. 2019

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“…and slight morphological differences among three species of Psyllaephagus spp., it was difficult to identify the species only by morphological characters. As such, determining their species identities using genetic analyses was identified as one of the priorities within a study with broader sampling [51,52]. As a routine procedure, all species reared from different galls were accurately identified by the combination of both molecular and morphological characters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Gall Induction of Flower-like Galls on Haloxylon by Psyllids (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), and the Emergence of Corresponding Parasitoids

Zhao

Jiang

Jie

et al. 2021

Insects

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Saxaul is a kind of dominant perennial psammophyte that widely distributes in arid and semi-arid desert areas, and it has multiple functions in preventing desertification, especially in windbreak and sand fixation. Various gall inducers induce galls on the saxaul, including the flower-like gall. Parasitoids have great potentiality in controlling gall inducers. However, studies about gall inducers and parasitoids of flower-like galls on Haloxylon, as well as the parasitic efficacy of the parasitoids, are rarely reported. In this study, the flower-like galls were observed on Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum in Fukang, Xinjiang, China. Two types of flower-like galls were found on H. ammodendron, while only one type was found on H. persicum. In total, five species of gall inducers and three species of parasitoids were obtained from the galls mentioned above. All the galls were induced by Caillardia (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), which were mostly bivoltine in Fukang. Besides, their parasitoids Psyllaephagus caillardiae and P. longiventris could be observed on all the types of galls. Additionally, correlative studies on the parasitization indexes demonstrated that all the dominant parasitoids of diverse flower-like galls were P. caillardiae, which were slightly more in number than the P. ogazae discovered in the flower bud-like galls. In addition, the relevance between the emergence or lifespan of parasitoids and temperature was also investigated. The results showed that the number of parasitoids emerging decreased rapidly after a period of enhancement with the increase of temperature, including an optimum temperature, while the lifespan of wasps gradually shortened with the temperature rising. Our results highlight the importance of the biological investigation of parasitoids in the gall inducers lived in closed galls, which may provide critical evidence for us to understand its potential application in biological control.

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“…Presence of insects induces the plant to form a protective gall with full of nutritive tissue which can vary in sizes from microscopic to wide-ranges. The insect also produce various chemicals and some proteolytic enzymes that influence the formation of galls (Purcell et al 2017 (Ganwar et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiochemical changes associated with foliar gall formation by a psyllid insect Trioza pallida Haupt. in Mallotus philippensis Muell. Arg.

Kn¹,

Pp²

2019

IJRAT

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Gall is acting like a metabolic sink and hence it is expected that there is wide variation in the distribution of metabolites and metabolic activity of the host plant. Since leaf is the site of gall infection the changes may be noticeable in leaf when compared to other parts of the plant. In this study, efforts has been taken to estimate photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugar, total carbohydrates and starch content of the galled and ungalled leaf of Mallotus philippensis which helps to comprehend the carbohydrate metabolism of the plant. Total protein content, total free amino acid content, proline content, activity of amylase and invertase enzymes has also attempted in the present investigation. Total chlorophyll tends to decrease in the galled t issue where as significant increase was recorded in the carotenoid content of galled leaves. The metabolites like protein, aminoacid, starch and carbohydrates tend to increase significantly in the galled leaves as compared to the control leaves. Similarly increased accumulation of osmolytes like proline and soluble sugar was also recorded in accordance with the gall formation. These results indicate that, gall forming insects has rescheduled the metabolic pathways of the host plants, in such a way that the gall forming tissue can act as a metabolic sink there by aiding nutrition to the insects. In addition, the increased accumulation of osmolytes indicates the presence of well defined antioxidant machinery operating in the plant under biotic stress.

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Plant host relationships of three lineages of the gall-inducing fly Fergusonina Malloch (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) on Eucalyptus L’Hérit.

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

The nature of interspecific interactions and co‐diversification patterns, as illustrated by the fig microcosm

The nature of interspecific interactions and co‐diversification patterns, as illustrated by the fig microcosm

Differences in Gall Induction of Flower-like Galls on Haloxylon by Psyllids (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), and the Emergence of Corresponding Parasitoids

Physiochemical changes associated with foliar gall formation by a psyllid insect Trioza pallida Haupt. in Mallotus philippensis Muell. Arg.

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