Plant Hormones in Phytoplasma Infected Plants

Dermastia, Marina

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00477

Cited by 65 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…Relatively higher level of CK in phytoplasma-infected plant roots, stems and flowers suggests its role against this class of bacterial pathogen. Also, different plants infected with phytoplasma shows different characteristics like up-regulation of the CK biosynthetic gene encoding isopentenyl transferase and down-regulation of CK biodegradation gene encoding CK oxidase (Dermastia, 2019).…”

Section: Role Of Cytokinin For Interaction Of Plants With Bacterial Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to plants, beneficial microbes such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and microalgae, CKs are also produced by plant pathogens like fungi (Chanclud et al, 2016), nematodes (Siddique et al, 2015;Shanks et al, 2016;Dowd et al, 2017), phytoplasma (Dermastia, 2019) and parasitic plants (Spallek et al, 2017). The CKs from these plant pathogenic organisms have contrasting effect on plant growth and may involve hijacking plant defence and enhances disease virulence (Spallek et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

et al. 2020

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It has been recognized that cytokinins are plant hormones that influence not only numerous aspects of plant growth, development and physiology, including cell division, chloroplast differentiation and delay of senescence but the interaction with other organisms, including pathogens. Cytokinins are not only produced by plants but are also by other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism such as bacteria, fungi, microalgae and insects. Notably, cytokinins are produced both by pathogenic and also beneficial microbes and are known to induce resistance in plants against pathogen infections. In this review the contrasting role of cytokinin for the defence and susceptibility of plants against bacterial and fungal pathogen and pest insects is assessed. We also discuss the cross talk of cytokinins with other phytohormones and the underlying mechanism involved in enhancing plant immunity against pathogen infections and explore possible practical applications in crop plant production.

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Section: Role Of Cytokinin For Interaction Of Plants With Bacterial Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

et al. 2020

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“…P. prunorum' infestations in apricot trees, which may lead to recovery from and tolerance to ESFY (Osler et al 2014;Osler et al 2016). Microbial phytopathogens induce hormonal changes in plants both directly and indirectly and this has been demonstrated for bacteria, fungi and viruses (Dermastia 2019;Killiny 2017;Mauck et al 2016). In many pathosystems these modifications are proven to alter the behavior of vector insect either directly or indirectly via volatile organic compounds (Bak et al 2019;Martini et al 2017;Martini et al 2018;Mayer et al 2008aMayer et al , 2008bRid et al 2016).…”

Section: Min Maxmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phloem Metabolites of Prunus Sp. Rather than Infection with Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum Influence Feeding Behavior of Cacopsylla pruni Nymphs

Gallinger

Gross

2020

J Chem Ecol

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Phytoplasmas are specialized small bacteria restricted to the phloem tissue and spread by hemipterans feeding on plant sieve tube elements. As for many other plant pathogens, it is known that phytoplasmas alter the chemistry of their hosts. Most research on phytoplasma-plant interactions focused on the induction of plant volatiles and phytohormones. Little is known about the influence of phytoplasma infections on the nutritional composition of phloem and consequences on vector behavior and development. The plum psyllid Cacopsylla pruni transmits 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum', the causing agent of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY). While several Prunus species are susceptible for psyllid feeding, they show different responses to the pathogen. We studied the possible modulation of plant-insect interactions by bacteria-induced changes in phloem sap chemistry. Therefore, we sampled phloem sap from phytoplasma-infected and non-infected Prunus persica and Prunus insititia plants, which differ in their susceptibility to ESFY and psyllid feeding. Furthermore, the feeding behavior and development of C. pruni nymphs was compared on infected and non-infected P. persica and P. insititia plants. Phytoplasma infection did not affect phloem consumption by C. pruni nymphs nor their development time. In contrast, the study revealed significant differences between P. insititia and P. persica in terms of both phloem chemistry and feeding behavior of C. pruni nymphs. Phloem feeding phases were four times longer on P. insititia than on P. persica, resulting in a decreased development time and higher mortality of vector insects on P. persica plants. These findings explain the low infestation rates of peach cultivars with plum psyllids commonly found in field surveys.

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“…These results suggest that the filtrate of F. defendens contains compounds that affect plant morphology without causing direct damage to the pathogen. Since phytoplasma has been reported to interfere with the hormonal network of its host plant [20], it is possible that F. defendens secretes substances that enhance plant growth and balance the periwinkle disrupted system, though this possibility warrants further examination.…”

Section: The Effect Of F Defendens Filtrate On Phytoplasma Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Secreted by the Endophytic Bacterium Frateuria defendens

Naama-Amar

Gitman

Shoshana

et al. 2020

Plants

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Candidatus Phytoplasma, the causative agent of yellows disease, inflicts substantial damage on several hundred plant species including perennials and annual plants. The endophytic bacterium Frateuria defendens reduces the symptoms of yellows disease in a number of agricultural crops. One possible mode of action is that the bacterium secretes antimicrobial metabolites. To test this hypothesis, the substances secreted by the endophyte during 10 days of growth in an artificial medium were identified by GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). Synthetic analogues to these substances were then used on periwinkle, a nurse culture plant infected by phytoplasma. Phytoplasma quantities were evaluated by quantitative PCR, and disease symptoms were monitored and recorded. It was found that specific compounds identified by the biochemical analysis caused a significant reduction in both the titer of phytoplasma and the disease symptoms in periwinkle when compared to untreated infected plants. Further research is required to examine the potential of these compounds as an effective treatment against yellows disease.

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Plant Hormones in Phytoplasma Infected Plants

Cited by 65 publications

References 128 publications

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

Phloem Metabolites of Prunus Sp. Rather than Infection with Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum Influence Feeding Behavior of Cacopsylla pruni Nymphs

Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Secreted by the Endophytic Bacterium Frateuria defendens

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