Plant Growth Regulation in Cell and Tissue Culture In Vitro

Abstract

Precise knowledge of all aspects controlling plant tissue culture and in vitro plant regeneration is crucial for plant biotechnologists and their correlated industry, as there is increasing demand for this scientific knowledge, resulting in more productive and resilient plants in the field. However, the development and application of cell and tissue culture techniques are usually based on empirical studies, although some data-driven models are available. Overall, the success of plant tissue culture is dependent on several factors such as available nutrients, endogenous auxin synthesis, organic compounds, and environment conditions. In this review, the most important aspects are described one by one, with some practical recommendations based on basic research in plant physiology and sharing our practical experience from over 20 years of research in this field. The main aim is to help new plant biotechnologists and increase the impact of the plant tissue culture industry worldwide.

In Vitro Collection for the Safe Storage of Grapevine Hybrids and Identification of the Presence of Plasmopara viticola Resistance Genes

“…Plant tissue culture media have a profound effect on both the induction of adventitious shoot formation and the promotion of axillary shoot proliferation [ 53 , 62 ]. MS medium [ 63 ] is often used with success to grow grapevines in in vitro culture [ 64 , 65 , 66 ], and its exogenous supplementation with phytohormones serves as a tool to regulate various processes in plant tissue cultures.…”

“…It has been reported that the addition of cytokinin in combination with auxin to the multiplication medium enhanced the proliferation efficiency of grapevine shoots [ 65 ]. Auxins are involved in all plant physiological processes, including root and callus initiation and growth [ 67 , 68 , 69 ], while cytokinins affect cell division and also stimulate axillary and adventitious shoot formation and growth [ 62 , 67 , 68 ]. Gibberellic acid is used to interrupt plant dormancy, as well as to stimulate cell division and elongate shoots [ 70 ].…”

“…The hydrogen ion (pH) concentration of the medium, in addition to the type and concentration of phytohormones, is another determinant of successful plant micropropagation [ 62 ]. The pH of the culture medium affects the availability and uptake of nutrients and therefore has a direct effect on plant development and growth [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ].…”

Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Exogenous NAA Effects on Maize Seedling Root Systems under Potassium Deficiency

“…Auxin, a vital hormone regulating plant growth and development, plays a crucial role in the distribution of roots in plants [ 16 ]. This distribution influences root apical meristem, post-injury regeneration, tropical root growth, and lateral root density [ 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Auxin plays a pivotal role in the plant response to K deficiency. Previous studies have indicated that both auxin-induced growth and proton secretion are heavily dependent on the extracellular K-ion concentration and K-ion uptake mediated by K-ion channels on the plasma membrane [ 16 , 19 ]. Among the four high-affinity K + transport protein families, the KUP/HAK/KT family stands out as the most prominent in plants, with its members widely involved in K-ion transmembrane transport in fungi, bacteria, and plants [ 20 ].…”