Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote plant size inequality

Abstract

The uniformity of crop yield is extremely important for consumers and of as much relevance to the grower as overall yield. However, size inequality within a plant population is rarely measured and has never before been considered in relation to the use of beneficial microbes for yield enhancement. For the first time, we show that addition of soil bacteria to calabrese plants significantly increased size inequality. These effects were usually more apparent in above-ground biomass. This was caused by some (but not all) plants growing very large when inoculated with bacteria, while control plants were mostly small. We suggest that the main reason is the incompatibility of the inoculated bacteria with those already present in the rhizosphere. In some cases the inoculum matched the indigenous community, providing a benefit to plant growth, while often it did not and plants remained relatively small. We conclude that analyses of size inequality should be an integral part of experiments using microbial soil amendments. These analyses can help to inform the production of more effective microbial products and to ensure that the integration of beneficial microbes into sustainable production systems does not impair uniformity in yield.

Salt tolerance enhancement Of wheat <em>(Triticum Asativium L)</em> genotypes by selected plant growth promoting bacteria

“…In all the stress conditions the mean root length for all genotypes varied from 12.72 cm (line 404) to 14.10 cm (Sakha93). Previous studies have shown the ability of PGPR had to generate IAA has been related to improve wheat growth under saline conditions [48] , [49] and it is similar to previous data was recorded by several workers who confirmed that inoculation with PGPR (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) to wheat improved plant production, yield, and physiological attributes [50] , [51] . Our results agreement with [52] , [53] who found that Bacteria containing ACC deaminase activity would act to reduce the level of stress ethylene and thus could resistance to various stresses and insignificant improvement in plant growth characters was observed in Ps.…”

Response of Soil Bacterial Community and Pepper Plant Growth to Application of Bacillus thuringiensis KNU-07

“…The beneficial effects of B. thuringiensis on plants are due to direct and indirect mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, plant nutrient solubilization, and plant growth hormone production [12][13][14]. However, the plant responses are often variable due to inconsistent performance of inoculants under field conditions [15].…”

“…The ability of inoculants to survive in the soil is an important factor for their ability to function under field conditions [15,16]. Hence, quantification of inoculants in the soil is helpful to determine the success of PGPR under field conditions [1,6,17].…”

Co-inoculation of rhizobia, azospirilla and cyanobacteria for increasing common bean production

“…These results have important implications for consumers as well as for farmers, growers, and producers of microbial inoculants. It has been suggested that in future studies of organic systems, an analysis of size inequality should accompany experiments involving PGPR because these products need to be more made-to-order to specific crop situations or soil types, and a universal inoculant is therefore unlikely to be developed at present (Gange & Gadhave, 2018).…”