Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) integrated phytotechnology: A sustainable approach for remediation of marginal lands

Abstract

Land that has little to no utility for agriculture or industry is considered marginal land. This kind of terrain is frequently found on the edge of deserts or other arid regions. The amount of land that can be used for agriculture continues to be constrained by increasing desertification, which is being caused by climate change and the deterioration of agriculturally marginal areas. Plants and associated microorganisms are used to remediate and enhance the soil quality of marginal land. They represent a low-cost and usually long-term solution for restoring soil fertility. Among various phytoremediation processes (viz., phytodegradation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytofiltration, phytostimulation, and phytodesalination), the employment of a specific mechanism is determined by the state of the soil, the presence and concentration of contaminants, and the plant species involved. This review focuses on the key economically important plants used for phytoremediation, as well as the challenges to plant growth and phytoremediation capability with emphasis on the advantages and limits of plant growth in marginal land soil. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) boost plant development and promote soil bioremediation by secreting a variety of metabolites and hormones, through nitrogen fixation, and by increasing other nutrients’ bioavailability through mineral solubilization. This review also emphasizes the role of PGPB under different abiotic stresses, including heavy-metal-contaminated land, high salinity environments, and organic contaminants. In our opinion, the improved soil fertility of marginal lands using PGPB with economically significant plants (e.g., Miscanthus) in dual precession technology will result in the reclamation of general agriculture as well as the restoration of native vegetation.

Rhizosphere Microorganisms with Different Strategies and Mechanisms to Enhance Plant Growth in the Occurrence of Different Environmental Stress Factors

“…Due to the participation of a network of fibrillar material that firmly bonds the bacteria to the root surface, EPS also aids microorganisms in irreversibly attaching and colonizing the roots. 115,116 Plants living in arid or semiarid locations may be more resilient to drought if native, advantageous bacteria are used to inoculate the plants with ACC deaminase. In order to best aid plants under drought stress, we thus made an effort to extract and characterize EPS and ACC deaminase from drought-tolerant Pseudomonas strains from cropped soils of various arid and semiarid natural settings.…”

Salinity stress endurance of the plants with the aid of bacterial genes

“…Currently, climate change is the principal menace to sustainable agriculture. Biotic (30%) and abiotic (50%) stresses are the main restrictions for agriculture ( Kumar and Verma, 2018 ; Sharma A. et al, 2021 ; Poria et al, 2022 ). Over 20% of the cultivable soil worldwide is influenced by salinity stress, and every year, about 1%–2% of arable lands are disqualified by the increased salinity ( Arora et al, 2020 ; Noori et al, 2021 ).…”

Brevibacillus DesertYSK and Rhizobium MAP7 stimulate the growth and pigmentation of Lactuca sativa L.

“…Challenging abiotic stresses generated by salinity, drought, and heavy metals could be alleviated by PGPB [ 6 , 7 ]. In short, PGPB helps plant cope with biotic and abiotic stresses and sustainably decrease agrochemical rates, leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions [ 11 , 12 ].…”