Plant genera <i>Cannabis</i> and <i>Humulus</i> share the same pair of well‐differentiated sex chromosomes

Prentout, Djivan; Štajner, Nataša; Čerenak, A.; Tricou, Théo; Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Jakse, Jernej; Käfer, Jos; Marais, Gabriel

doi:10.1111/nph.17456

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, 70% of sex-linked genes have lost Y expression in C. sativa and in both species, the Y is significantly less expressed than the X in males (electronic supplementary material, table S2). Partial DC was observed in C. sativa and H. lupulus with a clear increase in X expression in males as Y expression decreased, although X-hemizygous genes were poorly dosage compensated in C. sativa, similarly to observations based on RNA-seq data in S. latifolia [84,85].…”

Section: Common Patterns Of Incomplete Dosage Compensation In Other P...supporting

confidence: 71%

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Dosage compensation evolution in plants: theories, controversies and mechanisms

Muyle

Marais

Bačovský

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In a minority of flowering plants, separate sexes are genetically determined by sex chromosomes. The Y chromosome has a non-recombining region that degenerates, causing a reduced expression of Y genes. In some species, the lower Y expression is accompanied by dosage compensation (DC), a mechanism that re-equalizes male and female expression and/or brings XY male expression back to its ancestral level. Here, we review work on DC in plants, which started as early as the late 1960s with cytological approaches. The use of transcriptomics fired a controversy as to whether DC existed in plants. Further work revealed that various plants exhibit partial DC, including a few species with young and homomorphic sex chromosomes. We are starting to understand the mechanisms responsible for DC in some plants, but in most species, we lack the data to differentiate between global and gene-by-gene DC. Also, it is unknown why some species evolve many dosage compensated genes while others do not. Finally, the forces that drive DC evolution remain mysterious, both in plants and animals. We review the multiple evolutionary theories that have been proposed to explain DC patterns in eukaryotes with XY or ZW sex chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants’.

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Section: Common Patterns Of Incomplete Dosage Compensation In Other P...supporting

confidence: 71%

“…Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) have homologous XY sex chromosomes [84] that evolved at least 20-30 Ma [84,85]. In C. sativa, the X and the Y are of similar size (homomorphism), while in H. lupulus the X is larger than the Y (heteromorphism) [86][87][88].…”

Section: Common Patterns Of Incomplete Dosage Compensation In Other P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage compensation evolution in plants: theories, controversies and mechanisms

Muyle

Marais

Bačovský

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

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“…Consistent with this, many species have recent origins of sex chromosomes, within the last 5 million years, such as in A. officinalis [59], M. annua [60], and S. oleracea [61]. Moreover, some of the cytologically heteromorphic pairs have been found to have older origins, including H. lupulus [62], Phoenix dactylifera [63], and S. latifolia [64]. However, some plant sex chromosomes defy these expectations.…”

Section: "The Discovery Referred To In a Preceding Footnote That The Spermatogonial Number Of Anasa Is 21 Instead Of 22 Again Goes Far Tomentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The moss UV sex chromosomes evolved hundreds of millions of years ago but are homomorphic in Ceratodon purpureus [65]. Similarly, in Cannabis sativa the sex chromosomes share an origin with H. lupulus [62], however, they are instead homomorphic. The size of the non-recombining region also does not correlate with age in species studied to date [66].…”

Section: "The Discovery Referred To In a Preceding Footnote That The Spermatogonial Number Of Anasa Is 21 Instead Of 22 Again Goes Far Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The contributions of Dr. Nettie Stevens to the field of sex chromosome biology

Carey¹,

Aközbek²,

Harkess³

2021

Preprint

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The early 1900s delivered many foundational discoveries in genetics, including re-discovery of Mendel’s research and the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Following these insights, many focused their research on whether the development of separate sexes had a chromosomal basis or if instead it was caused by environmental factors. It is Dr. Nettie M. Stevens’ Studies in Spermatogenesis (1905) that provided the unequivocal evidence that the inheritance of the Y chromosome initiated male development in mealworms. This result established that sex is indeed a Mendelian trait with a genetic basis, and that the sex chromosomes play a critical role. In part II of Studies in Spermatogenesis (1906) an XY pair was identified in dozens of additional species, further validating the function of sex chromosomes. Since this formative work, a wealth of studies in animals and plants have examined the genetic basis of sex. The goal of this review is to shine a light again on Stevens’ Studies in Spermatogenesis and the lasting impact of this work. We additionally focus on key findings in plant systems over the last century and open questions that are best answered, as in Stevens’ work, by synthesizing across many systems.

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“…The expectation is that heteromorphic pairs have had sufficient time for degeneration, or gene loss, to have occurred on the sex-specific chromosome to suggest older origins [ 66 ]. Such is the case in the older, cytologically heteromorphic pairs of Humulus lupulus [ 67 ], Phoenix dactylifera [ 68 ] and Silene latifolia [ 69 ]. In some cases, given enough time, the Y (or W) can be completely lost, transitioning to the XO (or ZO) system seen in studies of the ‘accessory chromosomes' [ 42 ].…”

Section: The Prismatic Sex Chromosomes Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contributions of Nettie Stevens to the field of sex chromosome biology

Carey

Aközbek

Harkess

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The early 1900s delivered many foundational discoveries in genetics, including re-discovery of Mendel's research and the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Following these insights, many focused their research on whether the development of separate sexes had a chromosomal basis or if instead it was caused by environmental factors. It is Dr Nettie M. Stevens' Studies in spermatogenesis (1905) that provided the unequivocal evidence that the inheritance of the Y chromosome initiated male development in mealworms. This result established that sex is indeed a Mendelian trait with a genetic basis and that the sex chromosomes play a critical role. In Part II of Studies in spermatogenesis (1906), an XY pair was identified in dozens of additional species, further validating the function of sex chromosomes. Since this formative work, a wealth of studies in animals and plants have examined the genetic basis of sex. The goal of this review is to shine a light again on Stevens’ Studies in spermatogenesis and the lasting impact of this work. We additionally focus on key findings in plant systems over the last century and open questions that are best answered, as in Stevens' work, by synthesizing across many systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants’.

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Plant genera Cannabis and Humulus share the same pair of well‐differentiated sex chromosomes

Cited by 21 publications

References 87 publications

Dosage compensation evolution in plants: theories, controversies and mechanisms

Dosage compensation evolution in plants: theories, controversies and mechanisms

The contributions of Dr. Nettie Stevens to the field of sex chromosome biology

The contributions of Nettie Stevens to the field of sex chromosome biology

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