Plant gene expression in response to pathogens

Collinge, David B.; Slusarenko, Alan

doi:10.1007/bf00014913

Cited by 236 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…The uncoordinated, transient, weak, and/or very localized expression of plant defense responses to AM fungi contrasts in many respects to those reported for either compatible or incompatible plant-pathogen interactions, which often differ from each other only in timing and extent (Bowles, 1990;Dixon and Harrison, 1990;Collinge et al, 1994). Whether plant defense responses play any role in plant control over the development of the fungal symbionts is a matter for speculation at this stage (for further discussion, see Gianinazzi-Pearson et al, 1996b).…”

Section: Pr Proteins Involved In the Defense Response Of Plants In-mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It is perhaps not surprising then that the first molecular modifications investigated in relation to the development of this symbiosis were those associated with plant defense responses. The major inducible defense mechanisms that are triggered in plants as a general response to attack by a pathogen are cell wall modifications, enhancement of secondary metabolism, and accumulation of PR proteins (reviewed in Bowles, 1990;Dixon and Harrison, 1990;Collinge et al, 1994;Ryals et al, 1996, in this issue). The spatial and temporal expression of these responses during the formation of AM have recently been described in a detailed review (GianinazziPearson et al, 1996b).…”

Section: Plant Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…clude the acidic or basic chitinases and p-1,3-glucanases, which are antimicrobial hydrolases (Collinge et al, 1994). Enhanced chitinase and S-1,3-glucanase activities coincide with early plant-funga1 interactions in AM and strongly diminish as root colonization proceeds (Spanu et al, 1989;Lambais and Mehdy, 1993;Vierheilig et al, 1994;Volpin et al, 1994).…”

Section: Pr Proteins Involved In the Defense Response Of Plants In-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis

Gianinazzi‐Pearson¹

1996

The Plant Cell

130

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INTRODUCTIONSince their colonization of terrestrial ecosystems, plants have developed numerous strategies to cope with the diverse biotic and abiotic challenges that are a consequence of their sedentary life cycle. One of the most successful strategies is the ability of root systems to establish mutualistic and reciprocally beneficial symbiotic relationships with microorganisms. Mycorrhizas, the intricate associations roots form with specific fungal groups, are by far the most frequent of these and represent the underground absorbing organs of most plants in nature (Gianinazzi-Pearson, 1984). Through their function in the efficient exploitation of soil mineral resources and their bioprotective role against a number of common soilborne pathogens, mycorrhizas are instrumental in the survival and fitness of many plant taxa in diverse ecosystems, including many crop species (reviewed in Allen, 1991; Bethlenfalvay and Linderman, 1992).Severa1 kinds of mycorrhizal associations can be distinguished according to their morphology and the plant and fungal taxa concerned. They fall almost exclusively into two broad groups: (1) the ectomycorrhizas of woody Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, in which Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, or Zygomycetes develop intercellular hyphae from a mycelial sheath covering the surface of short lateral roots; and (2) the endomycorrhizas, characterized by intraradical mycelium growth and intracellular fungal proliferation, which are formed by Basidiomycetes in the Orchidaceae (orchidoid mycorrhiza), Ascomycetes in the Ericales (ericoid mycorrhiza), and Zygomycetes in most other terrestrial plant taxa (arbuscular mycorrhiza; reviewed in Harley and Smith, 1983).Plant compatibility with mycorrhizal fungi is a generalized and ancient phenomenon. Species in >80% of extant plant families are capable of establishing arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), and fossil evidence suggests that symbioses of this kind existed >400 million years ago in the tissues of the first land plants (Pirozynski and Dalpé, 1989;Remy et al., 1994). As such, the ability of plants to form AM must be under the control of mechanisms that have been conserved in new plant taxa as they appeared during evolution. This compatibility also implies that selective recognition processes in plants discriminate between beneficial and harmful microorganisms and that the essential genetic determinants for AM establishment are common to an extensive part of the plant kingdom.In contrast to their extremely wide host range and despite their ancient origins, only six genera of fungi belonging to the order Glomales of the Zygomycetes have evolved the ability to form AM (Morton and Benny, 1990). lnteractions between an AM fungus and a plant begin when a hypha from a germinating soilborne spore comes into contact with a host root. This step is followed by induction of an appressorium, from which an infection hypha penetrates deep into the parenchyma cortex (Figure lA), where inter-and intracellular proliferation of mycelium is intense. Here, fungal development culm...

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Section: Pr Proteins Involved In the Defense Response Of Plants In-mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Plant Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pr Proteins Involved In the Defense Response Of Plants In-mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis

Gianinazzi‐Pearson¹

1996

The Plant Cell

130

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“…Around the sites of pathogen infection, which are often wound sites, specific lesions indicative of localized cell death appear. This cell suicide is thought to prevent the spread of pathogens beyond the necrotic lesion (for reviews, see Collinge and Slusarenko, 1987;Lamb et al, 1989;Madamanchi and Kuc, 1991). Figure 4 shows a working model describing the putative involvement of JIP60 in local pathogen resistance.…”

Section: Jip60 a Putative Plant Defense Protein Involved In Local Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

JIPs and RIPs: the regulation of plant gene expression by jasmonates in response to environmental cues and pathogens.

1994

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“…It is believed that accumulation of autofluorogenic phenolic compounds is responsible for the increased fluorescence response (Mayama & Shishiyama, 1978;Shiraishi et al ., 1989;Carver et al ., 1994). Low molecular weight phenolic compounds are known for their antimicrobial activity and involvement in local reinforcing of the host cell wall below attempted penetration sites (Oku et al ., 1975;Collinge & Slusarenko, 1987;von Röpenack et al ., 1998). Phenolic compounds are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway, which may lead to the production of phytoalexins and to precursors of lignin (Green et al ., 1975;Oku et al ., 1975;Mayama & Shishiyama, 1978;Kerby & Somerville, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms involved in control of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in barley treated with mycelial extracts from cultured fungi

2002

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Treatment with mycelial extracts, prepared from liquid cultures of Bipolaris oryzae , Pythium ultimum and Rhizopus stolonifer , protected barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) against powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei . The mechanisms of this protection were studied using histopathological methods and molecular analysis. Germination and appressorial formation of B. graminis were generally reduced after treatment with mycelial extracts. Although this reduction (between 12 and 62% depending on treatment and experiment) was inconsistent and only occasionally significantly different from the water-treated control, it indicated a direct antifungal effect of the extracts. In situations where the fungus succeeded in forming an appressorium, penetration efficiency and haustorium formation from these appressoria was not affected -no enhanced penetration resistance associated with papilla formation was detected. However, a post-penetration effect was observed, as B. graminis colonies on mycelial extracttreated leaves produced 50% fewer hyphae than on controls. Northern blot analyses showed earlier accumulation of defence-related gene transcripts following treatment with B. oryzae and P. ultimum mycelial extracts, and to a lesser extent R. stolonifer mycelial extract, compared with water-treated leaves. It is suggested that the protection mechanism of the mycelial extracts involves direct antifungal effects and possible induced resistance for the B. oryzae and P. ultimum mycelial extracts.

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Plant gene expression in response to pathogens

Cited by 236 publications

References 171 publications

Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis

Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis

JIPs and RIPs: the regulation of plant gene expression by jasmonates in response to environmental cues and pathogens.

Mechanisms involved in control of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in barley treated with mycelial extracts from cultured fungi

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