Plant fossils from the middle Siwalik of eastern Nepal and their climatic and phytogeographic significance

Adhikari, Purushottam; Bhatia, Harshita; Khatri, Dhan Bahadur; Srivastava, Gaurav; Uhl, Dieter; Mehrotra, R. C.; Paudayal, Khum N.

doi:10.1007/s12549-022-00523-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The modern distribution of the fossils reported from the Middle Siwalik of eastern Himalaya indicates the presence of seasonal forests having wet evergreen and deciduous taxa (Adhikari P. et al, 2018; Adhikari et al, 2023; Srivastava et al, 2017). The quantification of the Middle Siwalik climate of the Darjeeling area, which is near our fossil locality, using the Coexistence Approach indicates a mean annual temperature of 25.5°C ±1.6°C, a warm month mean temperature of 27.6°C ±0.5°C, and a cold month mean temperature of 22.2°C ±2.8°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plant megafossil records from the Siwalik of eastern Nepal are meagre, including Pterygota (Malvaceae), Terminalia (Combretaceae), Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae), Lauraceae, and ferns belonging to the Thelypteridaceae (Adhikari P. et al, 2018; Adhikari et al, 2023; Srivastava et al, 2017). The present fossil record of Ficus there adds further information about the floristic diversity of eastern Himalaya and its distribution range during the middle Miocene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fig leaf from the Middle Siwalik sediments of eastern Nepal with implication on biogeography and palaeoclimate

Adhikari,

Bhatia,

Khatri

et al. 2024

Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India

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The Siwalik flora is important in understanding the orogeny of the Himalayas and the resulting climate change. Though the fossil records from the eastern Himalayan Siwalik of Nepal are sparse, we report a fossil leaf impression/ compression of Ficus precunea Lakhanpal from the Middle Siwalik (upper Miocene–lower Pliocene) sediments of eastern Nepal. The characteristic leaf venation pattern and morphological details suggest its strong affinity with the extant species of F. semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. The fossil assemblage indicates the presence of seasonal forests during the depositional period in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fig leaf from the Middle Siwalik sediments of eastern Nepal with implication on biogeography and palaeoclimate

Adhikari,

Bhatia,

Khatri

et al. 2024

Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India

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“…The Siwalik Group of sediment also known as younger Himalayas developed along the lower foothills of Nepal, India and Pakistan mostly influenced by the Asian monsoon system. The climatic and floristic diversity pattern changes in the Siwalik Group of Nepal Himalaya through plant remains analysis have been presented by various researchers (Lakhanpal and Awasthi, 1984;Awasthi and Lakhanpal, 1990;Prasad, 1990a;1990b;Prasad et al, 2011;Prasad and Pandey, 2008;Srivastava et al, 2017;Adhikari et al, 2018;2022). Palynological studies from the fluvial sediments of the Siwalik Group are found to be an excellent proxy for the paleovegetation and climate reconstruction (Sarkar, 1990;Hoorn et al, 2000;Paudayal, 2012;2013a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Palynological study along the Triyuga River section from the Upper Siwalik sediment and its paleoclimatic implication

Dhakal

Humagain

Adhikari

et al. 2022

Journal of Nepal Geological Society

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The records of past vegetation and climate using palynological study from the Upper Siwalik sediment along the Triyuga River section, eastern Nepal discloses 117 taxa belonging to 36 families. Different palynomorphs from gymnosperm, angiosperm (dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous) and pteridophytes were identified some up to species level like Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Tsuga, Justicia, Strobilanthes, Betula, Terminalia, Artemisia, Corylus, Quercus, Liquidambar, Fraxinus, Salix, Symplocos, Urtica, Typha, Cyathea, Lygodium, Ceratopteris under light microscope. Some palynomorphs were identified up to their family level such as Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bombacaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, and Poaceae. The palynomorphs from this section revealed diversity in vegetation with tropical-subtropical to lower temperate humid and warm climatical condition with plenty of precipitation throughout the time of deposition of the Upper Siwalik. Additionally, the Coexistence Approach (CoA) further highlighted this section experienced at the MAT 16.8-21.7°C, WMT 23.6-26.1°C, CMT 10.6-14.6°C, and MAP 1122-1682 mm, HMP 115-349 mm, LMP 19-73 mm, WMP 82-172 mm.

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An Overview of the Middle Miocene to Early Pleistocene Flora of the Siwalik Sediments in Nepal

Adhikari,

Srivastava,

Paudayal

2024

Flora and Vegetation of Nepal

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Plant fossils from the middle Siwalik of eastern Nepal and their climatic and phytogeographic significance

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Fig leaf from the Middle Siwalik sediments of eastern Nepal with implication on biogeography and palaeoclimate

Fig leaf from the Middle Siwalik sediments of eastern Nepal with implication on biogeography and palaeoclimate

Palynological study along the Triyuga River section from the Upper Siwalik sediment and its paleoclimatic implication

An Overview of the Middle Miocene to Early Pleistocene Flora of the Siwalik Sediments in Nepal

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