Plant food by-products as feed: Characteristics, possibilities, environmental benefits, and negative sides

Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the by-products of the olive industry and represents an important source of bioactive compounds. This characteristic makes OP a potential feed supplement in livestock nutrition. Thus, in the last years, several studies have been published to evaluate the productive traits following OP supplementation in animal diets; however, relatively little is known from a molecular biology standpoint. Therefore, in this study, we report the RNA-sequencing analysis of laying hens fed with a 10% dried OP (DOP) supplementation. Applying a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 and a Log2Fc either less than −1.5 or higher than +1.5, we identified 264 differentially regulated genes (DEGs) between the non-supplemented diet control group (CTR) and the DOP group. Using the 264 DEGs to identify enriched biological pathways, we noted that cholesterol biosynthesis showed the highest enrichment followed by several pathways related to immune response and inflammation. As a consequence, when we quantified the cholesterol amount in yolk egg, we found a significant reduction in the DOP vs. the CTR group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that DPO affects gene expression in laying hens, which is directly correlated with cholesterol decrease and can potentially ameliorate health status influencing immune response and inflammation.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Blood Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Positive Effects of Dried Olive Pomace-Supplemented Diet on Inflammation and Cholesterol in Laying Hens

Iannaccone

Ianni

Ramazzotti

et al. 2019

“…Numerous studies investigated the recycling of vegetable by-products as feed for ruminants [82]. Several of these by-products (e.g., from tomato, olive, and grape) are well known to be rich sources of tocopherols [23,83].…”

Section: Milk Tocopherol Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an increasing attention about the use of by-products in animal feeding [82] and how these functional feeds can improve products quality and ameliorate animal health [84]. Although milk and dairy products provide a small percentage of human daily intake of vitamin E [85], it has been demonstrated that milk is an excellent nutrient delivery medium because it is able to increase the bioavailability and absorption of vitamin E [86].…”

Section: Milk Tocopherol Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Suitability of Hazelnut Skin as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Dairy Cows

Renna

Lussiana

Malfatto

et al. 2020

Hazelnut skin (HS) was evaluated as a source of nutrients for dairy cows. In total, 26 Aosta Red Pied cows were divided into two balanced groups. All cows were fed hay ad libitum. The control group was also given 6 kg of concentrate, while the hazelnut skin group (HAZ) was given 1 kg of the same concentrate that was substituted by 1 kg of HS. The dry matter intake of the cows was reduced by the dietary inclusion of HS (p ≤ 0.001). The milk yield and main constituents were unaffected by treatment. Milk from HAZ cows showed decreased concentrations of de novo saturated fatty acids (FAs), odd- and branched-chain FA, α-linolenic acid, and long-chain n-3 FAs, as well as increased concentrations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, total monounsaturated FAs, trans biohydrogenation intermediates, and α–tocopherol. Replacing the concentrate with HS increased the human-inedible feed quota in the diet and improved the sustainability of milk production in terms of the food-feed competition. Our results suggest that it is possible to add economic value to organic waste from the hazelnut industry using HS as a feed ingredient for dairy cows, enhancing the feed efficiency and milk antioxidant activity and having expected impacts on the nutraceutical quality of milk fat.

“…It is predicted that the global demand for animal products in developing countries will substantially increase by 2030 [ 5 ]. From that point of view, finding suitable alternative feed ingredients in animal nutrition to produce animal products has become a very challenging mission [ 6 ]. Based on the abovementioned, the conversion of agricultural by-products, crop residues, and edible biomass into ingredients for animal feed has been regarded to be an efficient tool that may reduce food-feed competition, decrease animal feed costs, alleviate the environmental impacts of livestock production, and diminish the dependence on grains widely used in human consumption [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Molasses in Animal Nutrition

Rakita

Banjac

Ðuragić

et al. 2021

Self Cite

Concerning the increasing global demand for food and accumulation of huge amounts of biomass waste from the agro-food industry whose manipulation is usually inadequate, the potential of livestock to convert by-products as alternative feed ingredients into valuable proteins has been proposed as an outstanding option. Soybean molasses present a by-product of soybean protein concentrate production with low commercial cost but high nutritive and functional value. It is a rich source of soluble carbohydrates in the form of sugars and soybean phytochemicals. Therefore, this paper provides a review of published works about the production of soybean molasses, chemical composition, and nutritive value. In addition, the possibility of the application of soybean molasses in animal nutrition as a pelleting aid and functional feed ingredient is also discussed. Special attention is devoted to the influence of the inclusion of soybean molasses in the diets for ruminants, non-ruminants, and aquaculture on animal performance and health.