Plant flavonoids bioavailability in vivo and mechanisms of benefits on chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive review

Protective effect of eriodictyol against hyperglycemia-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats entails antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects mediated by activating Nrf2

“…The treatment with angiotensin II receptor blocker (e.g., valsartan), an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696), and statins showed very effective protection in diabetic animal models by attenuating the renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis ( Mohany et al, 2020 , Mohany et al, 2022a , Huang et al, 2023 ). Recently, much attention has been given to the role of plants' flavonoids in treating chronic kidney dysfunctions and DN due to their antioxidant potential ( Hu et al, 2021 , Lin et al, 2022 ). Further, several plant flavonoids alleviated DN by activating the Nrf2/antioxidant axis and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway ( Chen et al, 2019 , Ding et al, 2020 ).…”

The modulation effects of plant‐derived bioactive ingredients on chronic kidney disease: Focus on the gut–kidney axis

“…For example, the antifibrotic activity of quercetin involved in renal protection may also be attributed to modulation of the intestinal barrier and microbiota population (Hai et al., 2020). Plant polyphenols exhibit inhibitory effects in CKD (Lin et al., 2022) and even ameliorate vascular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, coronary diseases, and renal failure (C. Sun et al., 2020). Therefore, PBI may be considered as an alternative or complementary medicine for the prevention and treatment of CKD through regulating gut microbiota.…”