Plant Extract Effect on Seed-Borne Pathogenic Fungi from Seeds of Paddy Grown in Southern India

Abstract

A total of 40 seed samples of different cultivars of paddy, collected from southern part of India, were mycologicaly analyzed by agar plating method on Czapek's-Dox-Agar (CzA) medium and Standard Blotter Method (SBM), revealed the occurrence of 33 diverse fungal species belonging to 16 genera. The species of Drechslera oryzae (RP 82.5%) was recorded with the incidence and relative preponderance (RP), followed by Curvularia lunata (RP 67.5%) and Aspergillus niger (RP 65.0%) respectively. The data on the diversity and incidence of fungal species would be a great importance in the region for predicting the extent of pre-and post-infections.In vitro antifungal activity assay of methanol extract of 12 plants belonging to different families were tested against eight pathogenic fungal species viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera oryzae, D. halodes, Fusarium moniliforme, Pyricularia oryzae and Trichoconis padwickii by poisoned food technique. The results revealed that, methanol extract of Acacia nilotica, Caesalpinia coriaria, Decalepis hamiltonii, Emblica officinalis, Lawsonia inermis and Mimosops elengi showed significant antifungal activity at 3500 µg/ml concentration. Comparative evaluation of the extracts with the synthetic fungicides viz., bavistin, blitox, captan, dithane M-45 and thiram at the recommended dosage revealed that, antifungal activity of methanol extract of D. hamiltonii, L. inermis and M. elengi was almost equivalent. These plants can possibly be exploited in the management of seed-borne pathogenic fungi and prevention of biodeterioration of paddy in an eco-friendly way.

Evaluation of seed-borne fungi associated with tomato and their control measures

“…On the other hand, D. stramonium exhibited 58.23% and 49.36% mycelium growth inhibition against F. moniliforme and C. lunata, respectively after 7 days of incubation. Our results supported by earlier works (Mohana et al, 2011) who found that, botanical extract of L. inermis was able to inhibit mycelial growth of C. lunata and F. moniliforme as 64.6% and 81.4%, respectively. It has been found that the botanical extract of L. inermis interfere with the metabolic activity of the fungi and inhibit the production of catalase in F. oxysporum (Khan & Nasreen, 2010).…”

“…Among the three concentrations of Bavistin, the lower dose (0.5 gm/l) showed the maximum (65.08%) inhibition of mycelium growth of F. moniliforme, after 7 days of incubation. Similarly, earlirer worker also found that Bavistin perform better mycelial growht inhibition of F. moniliforme (Mohana et al, 2011), F. oxysporum (Mamun et al, 2016;Rajput et al, 2006) and F. solani (Maitlo et al, 2015). In case of C. lunata, the maximum (50.46%) mycelium growth inhibition was reported due to 0.5 gm/l concentration of Bavistin but comparatively lower inhibition (29.05% and 27.23%) were observed due to 1.00 gm/l and 2.00 gm/l concentration, respectively after 7 days of incubation.…”

“…became popular biological agents to protect crops against plant pathogens all over the world (Howell, 2003). Extracts of many higher plants have been reported to exhibit antifungal properties under laboratory trails (Mohana et al, 2011;Parekh et al, 2009). Exploitation of plant metabolites in crop protection and prevention of bio deterioration caused by fungi appear to be promising.…”

In vitro evaluation of fungicides and plant extracts against the fungi associated with seeds of nine chickpea varieties

“…The extract of different parts of higher plants have been reported to exhibit antifungal properties under laboratory trials (19) . Plant parts and their constituents of some higher plants have already been reported to be of successful nature of fungitoxicant because of their lesser phytotoxicity, systemicity, easily vertigratability and favourable effect for the growth of host.…”

In vitro evaluation of fungicides and some plant extracts against rice sheath rot pathogen Sarocladium oryzae

“…Twenty per cent inhibition of radial growth of the test fungus was recorded at 10% concentration of ethanol whereas ethanol extract of D. metel and M. indica completely inhibited the radial growth of the test fungus at the same concentration. Mohana et al (2011) reported that methanol extract of Acacia nilotica, Caesalpinia coriaria, Decalepis hamiltonii, Emblica officinalis, and Lawsonia inermis showed significant antifungal activity at 3500 μg/ml concentration on seed pathogens viz. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera oryzae, D. halodes, Fusarium moniliforme, Pyricularia oryzae and Trichoconis padwickii by poisoned food technique.…”