Plant Epigenetics

Cabej, Nelson R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814067-3.00015-6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The release from dormancy and acquiring the germination ability are defined by the balance of phytohormones, with a strong contribution of environmental factors such as temperature, water availability, and light [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Thereby, ABA and GAs act as the main endogenous regulators, which control seed dormancy and germination in an antagonistic manner [ 6 , 8 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Hormonal Regulation Of Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, moderately expressed genes are methylated in gene bodies [ 134 , 135 ]. Thus, in the Arabidopsis genome, 73% of DNA methylation sites are located in exons, whereas only 8% of them can be found in putative promoter regions, 3% in introns, and 16% in extragenic regions [ 51 ].…”

Section: Epigenetic Mechanisms Of the Seed-to-seedlings Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects

Smolikova

Стрыгина

Крылова

et al. 2021

Plants

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Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This results in suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and activation of those involved in regulation of vegetative growth. At the level of hormonal regulation, these events are controlled by the balance of abscisic acid and gibberellins, although ethylene, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, and jasmonates are also involved. The key players include the members of the LAFL network—the transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and 2 (LEC 1 and 2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (FUS3), as well as DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). They are the negative regulators of seed germination and need to be suppressed before seedling development can be initiated. This repressive signal is mediated by chromatin remodeling complexes—POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), as well as PICKLE (PKL) and PICKLE-RELATED2 (PKR2) proteins. Finally, epigenetic methylation of cytosine residues in DNA, histone post-translational modifications, and post-transcriptional downregulation of seed maturation genes with miRNA are discussed. Here, we summarize recent updates in the study of hormonal and epigenetic switches involved in regulation of the transition from seed germination to the post-germination stage.

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Section: Hormonal Regulation Of Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epigenetic Mechanisms Of the Seed-to-seedlings Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects

Smolikova

Стрыгина

Крылова

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Epigenetics is the field of biology, specifically addressing heritable (both via mitosis- and meiosis-related mechanisms) alterations in genome, which are not accompanied with any changes in DNA sequence [ 44 , 45 ]. Such epigenetic events mainly rely on DNA methylation at cytosine residues, post-translational covalent modifications of histones (e.g., acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation), and synthesis of small RNAs [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Desiccation Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation Tolerance as the Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability

Smolikova

Leonova

Vashurina

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment and sustain dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature of terrestrial plants changed with their evolution. Thus, in higher vascular plants it is restricted to protection of spores, seeds and pollen from dehydration, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, represented by LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression via methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling. These fine regulatory mechanisms allow orthodox seeds maintaining desiccation tolerance during the whole period of germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point, in which seeds lose desiccation tolerance, is critical for the whole process of seed development.

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“…Epigenetics is the field of biology, specifically addressing heritable (both via mitosis-and meiosis-related mechanisms) changes in genome, which are not accompanied with any changes in DNA sequence [44,45]. Such epigenetic changes mainly involve DNA methylation at cytosine residues, post-translational covalent modifications of histones (e.g.…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Desiccation Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such epigenetic changes mainly involve DNA methylation at cytosine residues, post-translational covalent modifications of histones (e.g. acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation), and synthesis of small RNAs [44,45].…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Desiccation Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation Tolerance as The Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability

Smolikova¹,

Leonova²,

Vashurina³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment, which essentially increased their ability to sustain water deficit and dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature in the higher vascular plants is restricted to the dehydration protection of spores, seeds and pollen, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of their water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA proteins), small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance onset are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, among which are LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression by methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling impact on seed desiccation tolerance and longevity. Moreover, orthodox seeds are able to maintain desiccation tolerance during germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point is critical in the process of seed development, as the seeds lose desiccation tolerance at this moment.

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Plant Epigenetics

Cited by 6 publications

References 150 publications

Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects

Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects

Desiccation Tolerance as the Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability

Desiccation Tolerance as The Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability

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