Plant-Enhanced Remediation of Glycol-Based Aircraft Deicing Fluids

Castro, Sigifredo; Davis, Lawrence C.; Erickson, Larry E.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2001)5:3(141)

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In unpublished studies, negligible ethylene glycol was taken up by willow trees (Jacob Sun personal communication) while Shupack and Andersen (2000) have shown that grasses and legumes did not uptake radiolabelled propylene glycol. Although ethylene glycol degradation is enhanced in the rhizosphere of shallow-rooted plants like alfalfa (Rice et al 1997;Castro et al 2001), legumes and grasses (Shupack and Andersen 2000;Marschner et al 2001) where the soil horizon is potentially aerobic, this is the first study which demonstrates that rhizosphere microorganisms of deeper rooted trees like willow and poplar could degrade ethylene glycol using nitrate, sulphate and potentially CO 2 as TEAs. The potential application of these trees in phytoremediation to treat contaminated groundwater is advantageous as it avoids the complexities of a pump and treat system or the need for an in situ aerobic treatment requiring oxygen amendment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Biological approaches such as bioremediation and phytoremediation are increasingly recognized as being more cost effective than traditional approaches (Erickson 1997). Enhanced degradation of ethylene glycol has been demonstrated by microorganisms in the rhizosphere of shallow-rooted plants such as alfalfa (Rice et al 1997;Castro et al 2001), legumes, and grasses (Shupack and Andersen 2000;Marschner et al 2001). Degradation has been shown to increase after fertilization (Calabrese et al 1993;Chugunov et al 2000) and when sufficient water is added to maintain aerobic conditions (Castro et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced degradation of ethylene glycol has been demonstrated by microorganisms in the rhizosphere of shallow-rooted plants such as alfalfa (Rice et al 1997;Castro et al 2001), legumes, and grasses (Shupack and Andersen 2000;Marschner et al 2001). Degradation has been shown to increase after fertilization (Calabrese et al 1993;Chugunov et al 2000) and when sufficient water is added to maintain aerobic conditions (Castro et al 2001). However, phytoremediation using trees with much deeper roots to remediate ethylene glycol at greater depth has not been previously investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic ethylene glycol degradation by microorganisms in poplar and willow rhizospheres

Carnegie

Ramsay

2009

Biodegradation

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Although aerobic degradation of ethylene glycol is well documented, only anaerobic biodegradation via methanogenesis or fermentation has been clearly shown. Enhanced ethylene glycol degradation has been demonstrated by microorganisms in the rhizosphere of shallow-rooted plants such as alfalfa and grasses where conditions may be aerobic, but has not been demonstrated in the deeper rhizosphere of poplar or willow trees where conditions are more likely to be anaerobic. This study evaluated ethylene glycol degradation under nitrate-, and sulphate-reducing conditions by microorganisms from the rhizosphere of poplar and willow trees planted in the path of a groundwater plume containing up to 1.9 mol l(-1) (120 g l(-1)) ethylene glycol and, the effect of fertilizer addition when nitrate or sulphate was provided as a terminal electron acceptor (TEA). Microorganisms in these rhizosphere soils degraded ethylene glycol using nitrate or sulphate as TEAs at close to the theoretical stoichiometric amounts required for mineralization. Although the added nitrate or sulphate was primarily used as TEA, TEAs naturally present in the soil or CO(2) produced from ethylene glycol degradation were also used, demonstrating multiple TEA usage. Anaerobic degradation produced acetaldehyde, less acetic acid, and more ethanol than under aerobic conditions. Although aerobic degradation rates were faster, close to 100% disappearance was eventually achieved anaerobically. Degradation rates under nitrate-reducing conditions were enhanced upon fertilizer addition to achieve rates similar to aerobic degradation with up to 19.3 mmol (1.20 g) of ethylene glycol degradation l(-1) day(-1) in poplar soils. This is the first study to demonstrate that microorganisms in the rhizosphere of deep rooted trees like willow and poplar can anaerobically degrade ethylene glycol. Since anaerobic biodegradation may significantly contribute to the phytoremediation of ethylene glycol in the deeper subsurface, the need for "pump and treat" or an aerobic treatment would be eliminated, hence reducing the cost of treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic ethylene glycol degradation by microorganisms in poplar and willow rhizospheres

Carnegie

Ramsay

2009

Biodegradation

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“…Barber, 1995;Bowen, 1991;Bromilow and Chamberlain, 1995;Drew, 1979;Jacobson et al, 1961;Jenny, 1966;Marschner, 1991;Olsen, 1950;Smith, et al, 1999). As described in previous publications, our research group has shown the feasibility of implementing a plant-assisted remediation of the waste generated by aircraft deicing operations (Castro et al, 2001(Castro et al, , 2003. Ethylene glycol (EG) or propylene glycol (PG) and benzotriazole (BT) are the main components in aircraft deicing formulations approved by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Temperature and pH Effects on Plant Uptake of Benzotriazoles by Sunflowers in Hydroponic Culture

Castro

Davis

Erickson

2004

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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This article describes a systematic approach to understanding the effect of environmental variables on plant uptake (phyto-uptake) of organic contaminants. Uptake (and possibly phytotransformation) of xenobiotics is a complex process that may differ from nutrient uptake. A specific group of xenobiotics (benzotriazoles) were studied using sunflowers grown hydroponically with changes of environmental conditions including solution volume, temperature, pH, and mixing. The response of plants to these stimuli was evaluated and compared using physiological changes (biomass production and water uptake) and estimated uptake rates (influx into plants), which define the uptake characteristics for the xenobiotic. Stirring of the hydroponic solution had a significant impact on plant growth and water uptake. Plants were healthier, probably because of a combination of factors such as improved aeration and increase in temperature. Uptake and possibly phytotransformation of benzotriazoles was increased accordingly. Experiments at different temperatures allowed us to estimate an activation energy for the reaction leading to triazole disappearance from the solution. The estimated activation energy was 43 kJ/mol, which indicates that the uptake process is kinetically limited. Culturing plants in triazole-amended hydroponic solutions at different pH values did not strongly affect the biomass production, water uptake, and benzotriazole uptake characteristics. The sunflowers showed an unexpected capacity to buffer the solution pH.

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“…This property is used in plant-based remediation systems for contaminated soils and groundwater. Known transformation processes include degradation and incorporation into lignin (Castro et al, 2001;Conger and Portier, 1997;Davis et al, 2003;Hall et al, 2001;McCutcheon and Schnoor, 2003). However, potential ecological risk of pesticides stored in plant material should be considered, as lignification may be a pathway for bioaccumulation.…”

Section: Plant-based Remediation Systems Using Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Plant-Based Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil and Water using Nontarget Plants such as Trees, Shrubs, and Grasses

Karthikeyan

Davis

Erickson

et al. 2004

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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Plant-Enhanced Remediation of Glycol-Based Aircraft Deicing Fluids

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Anaerobic ethylene glycol degradation by microorganisms in poplar and willow rhizospheres

Anaerobic ethylene glycol degradation by microorganisms in poplar and willow rhizospheres

Temperature and pH Effects on Plant Uptake of Benzotriazoles by Sunflowers in Hydroponic Culture

Potential for Plant-Based Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil and Water using Nontarget Plants such as Trees, Shrubs, and Grasses

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