Plant Disseminules in Wind-Blown Debris from a Glacier in Colorado

Bonde, Erik K.

doi:10.2307/1550020

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The quick and high proportion of bulbil germination of Bistorta vivipara in this experiment corresponds with other studies (Söyrinki 1939;Bonde 1969;Molau 1993). As an adaptation to stress and disturbance, development of vegetative units increases the plants' ability to reproduce successfully even in short and cold summers (Billings 1974;Murray 1987;Crawford 1989).…”

Section: Bulbilssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Non-dormant seeds tend to germinate simultaneously and have higher mortality rates (Amen 1966;Gartner 1983). Oxyria digyna is described as both non-dormant (Mooney & Billings 1961;Bonde 1969) and with a slight cold-moist stratification requirement (Eurola 1972;Bell & Bliss 1980). However, the chilling temperature required is fulfilled by normal Arctic summer temperature, and thus does not block germination (Bell & Bliss 1980).…”

Section: Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation of native Arctic and alpine species with a restoration potential

Hagen

2002

Polar Research

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Arctic and alpine plant communities today are subject to an increasing frequency and intensity of anthropogenic disturbances. Good understanding of reproductive behaviour and regenerative capacity of native species is important in a restoration situation following human disturbance in Arctic and alpine vegetation. Seeds, bulbils or cuttings from 12 native Arctic and alpine species were collected from Longyearbyen in Svalbard and Dovre Mountain on the Norwegian mainland. Propagation ability was tested in greenhouse conditions. Seeds of Papaver dahlianum, Oxyria digyna, Luzula arcuata ssp. confusa, and bulbils of Bistorta vivipara all had more than 50 % germination. Dryas octopetala had less than 10 % germination. Both quick and slow germinators were identified among the tested species. Seed storage temperature (+4 °C, -1 °C and -20 °C) showed no overall effect on germination. The rooting capacity of cuttings from evergreen and deciduous species was tested. Arctostaphylos uvaursi, Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Salix herbacea and S. polaris had more than 70 % rooting ability, while Dryas octopetala and Cassiope tetragona had less than 10 %. Saxifraga oppositifolia showed large variation in rooting ability, ranging from 20 -90 %. The species with high germination and rooting ability are used in an extended restoration experiment in the study areas.

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Section: Bulbilssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of native Arctic and alpine species with a restoration potential

Hagen

2002

Polar Research

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“…Long‐distance dispersal is the only mechanism that can explain the North Atlantic distributions of both European and North American haplotypes of S. pro‐cumbens , as has also been shown for other species (Abbott & Brochmann, ; Brochmann et al ., ; Alsos et al ., ; Schönswetter et al ., ; Westergaard et al ., ). Although Sibbaldia procumbens has small (1 mm) quickly germinating seeds (Coker, ) with no obvious adaptations for long‐distance dispersal, the seeds can be wind‐dispersed (Bonde, ) and are also able to germinate after passage through the digestive tract of foxes, which can easily travel 10 km day −1 (Graee et al ., ). Other species, especially in arctic environments where habitat may have been continuous over large regions, show genetic evidence of rapid spread despite the lack of any obvious dispersal adaptations (Abbott & Brochmann, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical origins, migration patterns and refugia of Sibbaldia procumbens, an arctic–alpine plant with a fragmented range

Allen

Marr

McCormick

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Many plants, especially at high latitudes, have both widespread and highly discontinuous geographical distributions. To increase understanding of how such patterns originate, we examine genetic patterns in the arctic-alpine plant Sibbaldia procumbens. We evaluate the contributions of refugia and the role of long-distance dispersal in shaping the current range of this species.Location Northern Hemisphere, especially North America.Methods We sampled Sibbaldia from 176 localities, including 168 for S. procumbens. We analysed sequence variation in three plastid DNA non-coding regions (the atpI-atpH and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers and the trnL intron), performed Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and statistical parsimony analyses on the combined sequences, and analysed the geographical patterns of haplotype distribution and genetic diversity using data from all populations.Results Sibbaldia procumbens probably originated in the mountains of South and East Asia. We identified highly distinct clades in Europe and North America, which overlapped on oceanic islands of the North Atlantic indicating long-distance dispersal capability. The North American clade included two lineages, one in California and the other widely distributed across the continent and North Atlantic. Haplotype diversity in the latter lineage was markedly higher to the south, suggesting mid-late Pleistocene southward displacement of North American populations with subsequent migration northwards into previously glaciated regions. In Europe, disjunct geographical regions generally harboured distinct haplotypes.Main conclusions Multiple Pleistocene refugia for S. procumbens occurred in both North America and Europe. North American refugia existed in California and in the southern Rocky Mountains, but in contrast with most widespread arctic-alpine species we found no evidence for a Beringian refugium. Cryptic refugia may have existed within the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Episodes of range expansion and contraction and long-distance dispersal have all contributed to the genetic structure and widespread but fragmented distribution of this species.

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“…On the other hand, because the seeds of D. integrifolia are light, abundant, and possess a long plumose style well adapted for wind dispersal (Krannitz 1996), seed dispersal distances may be significant. Indeed, wind‐mediated dispersal is thought to be especially common in Arctic environments as barriers to dispersal are limited over flat snow‐covered landscapes (Bonde 1969; Miller & Ambrose 1976; Glaser 1981). There is evidence that seeds can be dispersed over thousands of kilometres (Savile 1972), and animal transport may also be important (Crawford & Abbott 1994; Abbott et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeography of Dryas integrifolia: glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization

1999

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Plant Disseminules in Wind-Blown Debris from a Glacier in Colorado

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Propagation of native Arctic and alpine species with a restoration potential

Propagation of native Arctic and alpine species with a restoration potential

Geographical origins, migration patterns and refugia of Sibbaldia procumbens, an arctic–alpine plant with a fragmented range

Molecular phylogeography of Dryas integrifolia: glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization

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