Plant disease susceptibility conferred by a “resistance” gene

Lorang, J. M.; Sweat, Teresa A.; Wolpert, T.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0702572104

Cited by 272 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Paradoxically, some necrotrophic fungi kill plants by activating immune receptors via secreted toxin effectors. In one well-characterized example, the Arabidopsis LOV1 gene, a member of the NB-LRR resistance gene family, was shown to determine susceptibility to the fungus Cochliobolus victoriae and sensitivity to the toxin victorin (Lorang et al 2007). In this case, the tables are turned-the immunoreceptor becomes a liability for the plant, contributing to susceptibility to a fungal disease.…”

Section: Effectors: Usage and Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives

Win

Chaparro-Garcia

Belhaj

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

349

329

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Every plant is closely associated with a variety of living organisms. Therefore, deciphering how plants interact with mutualistic and parasitic organisms is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the biology of plants. The field of plant-biotic interactions has recently coalesced around an integrated model. Major classes of molecular players both from plants and their associated organisms have been revealed. These include cell surface and intracellular immune receptors of plants as well as apoplastic and host-cell-translocated (cytoplasmic) effectors of the invading organism. This article focuses on effectors, molecules secreted by plant-associated organisms that alter plant processes. Effectors have emerged as a central class of molecules in our integrated view of plant-microbe interactions. Their study has significantly contributed to advancing our knowledge of plant hormones, plant development, plant receptors, and epigenetics. Many pathogen effectors are extraordinary examples of biological innovation; they include some of the most remarkable proteins known to function inside plant cells. Here, we review some of the key concepts that have emerged from the study of the effectors of plant-associated organisms. In particular, we focus on how effectors function in plant tissues and discuss future perspectives in the field of effector biology.

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Section: Effectors: Usage and Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives

Win

Chaparro-Garcia

Belhaj

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

349

329

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…66 This fungus hijacks HR via activation of a CC-NB-LRR protein LOV1, which confers sensitivity to victorin and susceptibility to C. victoriae in Arabidopsis. 67 In oats, loss of function mutations that eliminate toxin sensitivity and susceptiblility to C. victoriae also eliminate specific recognition and resistance to a biotrophic fungus, Puccinia coronata. 68 Thus, as selection favors resistance to the biotrophic fungus, susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen is assured.…”

Section: Pathogen Strategies To Evade Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed cell death in the plant immune system

2011

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Cell death has a central role in innate immune responses in both plants and animals. Besides sharing striking convergences and similarities in the overall evolutionary organization of their innate immune systems, both plants and animals can respond to infection and pathogen recognition with programmed cell death. The fact that plant and animal pathogens have evolved strategies to subvert specific cell death modalities emphasizes the essential role of cell death during immune responses. The hypersensitive response (HR) cell death in plants displays morphological features, molecular architectures and mechanisms reminiscent of different inflammatory cell death types in animals (pyroptosis and necroptosis). In this review, we describe the molecular pathways leading to cell death during innate immune responses. Additionally, we present recently discovered caspase and caspase-like networks regulating cell death that have revealed fascinating analogies between cell death control across both kingdoms.

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“…The majority of the reported NB‐LRR proteins positively contribute to plant immunity to diverse biotrophic pathogens. In more recent documents, three distinct NB‐LRR proteins have been implicated in host susceptibility to necrotrophic fungal pathogens (Faris et al ., 2010; Lorang et al ., 2007; Nagy and Bennetzen, 2008). Here, to our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover the positive regulation of an NB‐LRR protein in plant resistance responses to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above‐mentioned NB‐LRRs play a pivotal role in plant resistance responses to biotrophic pathogens. However, in certain plant‐necrotrophic fungus pathosystems, the recognition of pathogen‐produced effectors by NB‐LRR proteins leads to effector‐triggered susceptibility (Faris et al ., 2010; Lorang et al ., 2007; Nagy and Bennetzen, 2008). For example, the wheat Tns1 governs effector‐triggered susceptibility to two necrotrophic fungi Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Faris et al ., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wheat NB‐LRR gene TaRCR1 is required for host defence response to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis

Zhu

et al. 2017

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryThe necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen causing sharp eyespot disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NB‐LRR) proteins often mediate plant disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens. Little is known about the role of NB‐LRR genes involved in wheat response to R. cerealis. In this study, a wheat NB‐LRR gene, named TaRCR1, was identified in response to R. cerealis infection using Artificial Neural Network analysis based on comparative transcriptomics and its defence role was characterized. The transcriptional level of TaRCR1 was enhanced after R. cerealis inoculation and associated with the resistance level of wheat. TaRCR1 was located on wheat chromosome 3BS and encoded an NB‐LRR protein that was consisting of a coiled‐coil domain, an NB‐ARC domain and 13 imperfect leucine‐rich repeats. TaRCR1 was localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Silencing of TaRCR1 impaired wheat resistance to R. cerealis, whereas TaRCR1 overexpression significantly increased the resistance in transgenic wheat. TaRCR1 regulated certain reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging and production, and defence‐related genes, and peroxidase activity. Furthermore, H2O2 pretreatment for 12‐h elevated expression levels of TaRCR1 and the above defence‐related genes, whereas treatment with a peroxidase inhibitor for 12 h reduced the resistance of TaRCR1‐overexpressing transgenic plants and expression levels of these defence‐related genes. Taken together, TaRCR1 positively contributes to defence response to R. cerealis through maintaining ROS homoeostasis and regulating the expression of defence‐related genes.

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Plant disease susceptibility conferred by a “resistance” gene

Cited by 272 publications

References 55 publications

Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives

Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives

Programmed cell death in the plant immune system

The wheat NB‐LRR gene TaRCR1 is required for host defence response to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis

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