Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Novel Form of Nanomedicine

Abstract

The nanovesicles extracted from the plant and herbal decoctions are identified as a new class of nanomedicine. They are involved in interspecies chemical communication across the plant and animal kingdoms and display a therapeutic potential against a variety of diseases. Herein, we review the recent progress made in the medical applications of plant-derived nanovesicles in the aspects of anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, tissue regeneration, and modulating commensal microbiota. We further summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological functions of plant-derived nanovesicles. Overall, plant-derived nanovesicles provide an alternative to conventional synthetic drugs and present exciting opportunities for future research on disease therapy.

Nanovesicles from Organic Agriculture-Derived Fruits and Vegetables: Characterization and Functional Antioxidant Content

“…This suggests the potential use of vegetables-derived derived nanovesicles as a therapeutic agent in oxidative stress-and agerelated diseases [52,57]. The results of this study confirm that plant-derived nanovesicles represent an excellent nanodelivery system for constitutively expressed natural compounds, thanks to their sizes, safety, biocompatibility, and stability [42,88]. For example, grapefruit nanovesicles are highly stable in solutions mimicking gastric and intestinal conditions [40].…”

Trends in the biological functions and medical applications of extracellular vesicles and analogues

“…Plant-derived vesicles are a collection of membrane-bound vesicular structures isolated from dietary plants and plant-based products after manufacturing processes 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 . Similar to EVs secreted by mammalian cells, plant-derived vesicles contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and secondary metabolites.…”

“…Similar to EVs secreted by mammalian cells, plant-derived vesicles contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and secondary metabolites. The origins of plant-derived vesicles are diverse; most are extracted by using fruit and vegetable juices, including cell lysis steps, thus originating from both the intracellular and extracellular space in plants 221 , 225 . Alternatively, some of plant-derived vesicles are isolated from the decoction of plants following a heating process and are therefore artificially created 221 , 226 .…”

“…The origins of plant-derived vesicles are diverse; most are extracted by using fruit and vegetable juices, including cell lysis steps, thus originating from both the intracellular and extracellular space in plants 221 , 225 . Alternatively, some of plant-derived vesicles are isolated from the decoction of plants following a heating process and are therefore artificially created 221 , 226 . Moreover, the lipids and bioactive molecules identified from plant-derived vesicles can also be utilized as building blocks to co-assemble into functionalized liposomes as mimics of natural vesicles 221 , 226 , 227 .…”

Plant-Derived Nano and Microvesicles for Human Health and Therapeutic Potential in Nanomedicine

“…Several studies have been focused on the effects of nano (NV) and microvesicles (MV) derived from edible plants on human health and have been recently reviewed by several authors [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. In particular, recent works have shown that plant-derived nano and microvesicles (PDV) extracted from citrus fruits and ginger roots have powerful anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.…”