Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilization on Common Bean Nutrition and Yield

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha -1 ) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha -1 ). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro-and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m -1 ) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris. Nitrogen. Plant population. Mineral nutrition. Grain yield. DENSIDADE DE PLANTAS E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NA NUTRIÇÃO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃORESUMO -O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantas na fileira e de doses de nitrogênio (N) em cobertura na nutrição e desempenho produtivo das cultivares de feijão comum IPR 139 e Pérola. Para cada cultivar, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. As parcelas consistiram de três densidades de plantas (5, 7 e 9 plantas m -1 de fileira) e as subparcelas de cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha -1 ). Foram avaliadas: matéria seca da parte aérea, teores de macro e micronutrientes na folha diagnose, componentes da produção, produtividade de grãos e teor de proteína nos grãos. Menores densidades de plantas (5 e 7 plantas m -1 ) proporcionaram maior produção de MS e número de vagens por planta e não reduziram a produtividade de grãos. Na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, a redução da densidade de plantas diminuiu o teor de N nas folhas do feijoeiro. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou linearmente a produção de matéria seca e o teor de N nas folhas do feijoeiro, principalmente sob as menores densidades de plantas. Independentemente da densidade de plantas, o fornecimento de N aumentou linearmente a produtividade de grãos das cultivares IPR 139 e Pérola em 17,3 e 52,2%, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris. Nitrogênio. População de plantas. Nutrição mineral. Produtividade de grãos.

Effect of Spacing on Yield Components and Yield of Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinumL. </i>) at Assosa, Western Ethiopia

“…Similar report revealed increment of total dry biomass with increasing plant population of soya bean up to a certain point and subsequently no addition in biological yield can be obtained thus decrease in economic yield [88]. In line with this, lower plant densities of 5 and 7 plants m-1 resulted in a greater aboveground DM biomass and number of pods per plant of the common bean; grain yield was not decreased [101]. Means in column and row followed by the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level of significance.…”

Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Common Bean Cultivars as Affected by Plant Population and Growing Season

“…As reported by Soratto et al (2017) nutrient uptake may increase seed yield, mainly at lower plant densities. The common bean usually has a great capacity for compensation, that is to occupy empty areas where the number of established plants is lower than the recommended (J. G. Silva & C. C. Silva, 2005).…”

Crop systems and topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and technological attributes of common bean under no-tillage

“…In a similar study, Amaral et al (2016) observed that N rates (0 kg ha -1 , 40 kg ha -1 , 80 kg ha -1 , 120 kg ha -1 and 160 kg ha -1 ) had an effect on the common bean (IPR Andorinha) yield in succession to corn straw, corn intercropped with U. ruziziensis and U. ruziziensis. The data fitted to a quadratic model, with a maximum grain yield (2,565 kg ha -1 ) obtained with the application of 136 kg ha -1 of N. In common bean in succession to corn intercropped with U. ruziziensis, Soratto et al (2017) found that the supply of topdressing N (0 kg ha -1 , 30 kg ha -1 , 60 kg ha -1 , 120 kg ha -1 and 180 kg ha -1 ) linearly increased the grain yield of the IPR 139 and Pérola cultivars by 17.3 % and 52.2 %, respectively, regardless of the plant density (5 plants m -1 , 7 plants m -1 and 9 plants m -1 ). Thus, although common bean has a relatively short cycle, it can be considered as a great N extractor.…”

“…In the grain-filling stage, these reserves are broken, translocated and stored in these organs in the form of proteins and amino acids. In addition, N fertilization, besides promoting increases in yield (Cunha et al 2015, Soratto et al 2017, also stands out in the increase of grain protein content (Silva et al 2006, Farinelli & Lemos 2010, Amaral et al 2016.…”