Plant Defense Signaling and Responses Against Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens

Pandey, Dinesh; Rajendran, Subin R. C. K.; Gaur, Manu; Sajeesh, P. K.; Kumar, Anil

doi:10.1007/s00344-016-9600-7

Cited by 106 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Further support for these results is provided in the current study by quantification of plant hormones that showed JA accumulation induced by glycerol treatment. However, JA is involved in the defense against necrotrophic pathogens, preventing plant cell death, and inducing defense responses to restrict further pathogen infection [33]. Treatment with JA is shown to protect plants against herbivore attack and reduce the severity of infection by necrotrophic fungi [34,35]; while the application of MeJA does not induce resistance to powdery mildew (biotrophic fungi) in wheat [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol-Induced Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat by Regulating Plant Fatty Acid Metabolism, Plant Hormones Cross-Talk, and Pathogenesis-Related Genes

Qiu

Liu

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Our previous study indicated that glycerol application induced resistance to powdery mildew (Bgt) in wheat by regulating two important signal molecules, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and oleic acid (OA18:1). Transcriptome analysis of wheat leaves treated by glycerol and inoculated with Bgt was performed to identify the activated immune response pathways. We identified a set of differentially expressed transcripts (e.g., TaGLI1, TaACT1, and TaSSI2) involved in glycerol and fatty acid metabolism that were upregulated in response to Bgt infection and might contribute to G3P and OA18:1 accumulation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed GO terms induced by glycerol, such as response to jasmonic acid (JA), defense response to bacterium, lipid oxidation, and growth. In addition, glycerol application induced genes (e.g., LOX, AOS, and OPRs) involved in the metabolism pathway of linolenic and alpha-linolenic acid, which are precursor molecules of JA biosynthesis. Glycerol induced JA and salicylic acid (SA) levels, while glycerol reduced the auxin (IAA) level in wheat. Glycerol treatment also induced pathogenesis related (PR) genes, including PR-1, PR-3, PR-10, callose synthase, PRMS, RPM1, peroxidase, HSP70, HSP90, etc. These results indicate that glycerol treatment regulates fatty acid metabolism and hormones cross-talk and induces the expression of PR genes that together contribute to Bgt resistance in wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol-Induced Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat by Regulating Plant Fatty Acid Metabolism, Plant Hormones Cross-Talk, and Pathogenesis-Related Genes

Qiu

Liu

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…An alternative to reduce or inhibit the rot development is the induction of the natural defense mechanism in the fruit, in which the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds are activated (Sánchez-Estrada et al, 2009), and modifications are made in the structural defenses (random creation of linkages between cell wall polymers, lignification, and suberization). It also increases the activity of pathogenesis-related enzymes such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase (Cota et al, 2007), induce the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, which play a significant role in defense against pathogens (Pandey et al, 2016). Such changes may limit the penetration and development of pathogens in host tissues, preventing or reducing fungal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of rhamnogalacturonan I fragments as elicitors of the defense mechanism in tomato fruit

Jiménez-Maldonado

Tiznado‐Hernández

Rascón‐Chu

et al. 2018

Chil. j. agric. res.

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The rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) is part of pectin plant cell wall, and currently there is scarce information about the elicitor effect of its fragments in the fruit defense mechanism. In this work, the effect of the fragments of RGI on the defense mechanism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits was evaluated. Three fragments of RGI released from enzymatic degradation by RG lyase were characterized according to their physical-chemical and structural characteristics. Two of RGI fragments (F-1 and F-2) were selected and applied on tomato fruits during 48 h. At different exposure times (0, 0.5, 1, 6, 24, and 48 h) tomato samples were taken, and the enzymatic activity of chitinase was assessed by fluorometry, and β-1,3glucanase and peroxidase by spectrophotometry (UV-visible). The absorption bands determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in the RGI fragments, was different concerning RGI no fragmented. The RGI had a molecular weight of 64 kDa and an intrinsic viscosity of 40.9 mL g-1 ; while the molecular weight of F-1 and F-2 fragments were 20 and 16 kDa, and an average intrinsic viscosity of 27 and 26 mL g-1 , respectively. The content of galacturonic acid decreased, and the neutral sugars increased concerning the time of enzymatic degradation. F-1 and F-2 fragments induced an increase in the level of β-1,3-glucanase activity in tomato fruits; however, an increase in the enzymatic activity of chitinase and peroxidase was observed after 0.5 h of exposure to F-2 fragment. It was concluded that the RGI fragments were structurally different from the RGI no fragmented and induced the natural defense mechanism of the tomato fruit.

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“…They are receptor-like kinase proteins (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). Both have the extracellular domain for binding to PAMPs but only RLKs contain an intracellular signal transducing cytoplasmic kinase domain which RLPs lack (Pandey, Rajendran et al 2016). The recognition of PAMPs by PRRs leads to the activation of signaling cascades like Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that lead to the production of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of callose and formation of papilla restricting the cell wall breach created by pathogens, eventually preventing further colonization of the host (Gohre and Robatzek 2008).…”

Section: Plant Resistance To Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necrotrophic fungi produce several toxins and cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes for colonization and to induce cell death in their host plants. Some of the broad range fungal necrotrophs include Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Pandey, Rajendran et al 2016). Their arsenal includes polyketide toxins, secondary metabolites, ROS, nonribosomal peptide toxins, necrosis-and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1) proteins (Lo Presti, Lanver et al 2015).…”

Section: Necrotrophic Fungal Effectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the above components are discussed in detail elsewhere (Qutob, Kemmerling et al 2006, Stergiopoulos, Collemare et al 2013. Some host-specific necrotrophic fungi, produce host-selective toxins (HST) as virulence effectors that interact with the cognate dominant receptor gene in the host plant, in turn making the host susceptible to infection (Table 1-4) (Pandey, Rajendran et al 2016). This is in contrast to the classical gene-for-gene interaction in which a dominant gene confers disease resistance rather than susceptibility (Ali and Bakkeren 2011).…”

Section: Necrotrophic Fungal Effectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and functional characterization of effectors from an anther smut fungus, Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae.

Kuppireddy¹

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Paul Himes for their valuable comments and inputs in directing my research and encouraging me towards my goal. I also thank Dr. Michelle Barati for her patience and for all the hours that she sat with me for confocal microscopy assistance and western blots and Dr. Liang Bao for technical support with the SEM. I am grateful to the suggestions of Dr. Ronald Atlas for helping me to develop my teaching abilities, Dr. Mark Running for his valuable inputs and suggestions in my research, and Dr. Gary Cobbs for his help with statistical analysis. I want to extend my heartful gratitude to all the undergraduates Brittany Carman,

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Plant Defense Signaling and Responses Against Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens

Cited by 106 publications

References 158 publications

Glycerol-Induced Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat by Regulating Plant Fatty Acid Metabolism, Plant Hormones Cross-Talk, and Pathogenesis-Related Genes

Glycerol-Induced Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat by Regulating Plant Fatty Acid Metabolism, Plant Hormones Cross-Talk, and Pathogenesis-Related Genes

Analysis of rhamnogalacturonan I fragments as elicitors of the defense mechanism in tomato fruit

Identification and functional characterization of effectors from an anther smut fungus, Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae.

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