Plant defence suppression is mediated by a fungal sirtuin during rice infection by <scp><i>M</i></scp><i>agnaporthe oryzae</i>

Fernandez, Jessie; Marroquin-Guzman, Margarita; Nandakumar, Renu; Shijo, Sara; Cornwell, Kathryn M.; Li, Gang; Wilson, Richard A.

doi:10.1111/mmi.12743

Cited by 59 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Gene transcript analysis was performed on cDNAs obtained from fungal mycelia and infected rice leaf sheaths or whole leaves, as previously described by Fernandez and associates. 16 For in planta gene transcript analysis, infected plant tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen at the indicated time points and ground with a mortar and pestle. Mycelial samples were collected from the indicated liquid growth media and lyophilized for 36 h before grinding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,12 The host reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is common to PTI and ETI and must be neutralized by fungal antioxidation components during compatible interactions between M. oryzae and rice or barley to prevent the induction of basal plant defenses. [13][14][15][16] The M. oryzae glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) sensor, Tps1, regulates carbon metabolism and connects glucose availability 17 to glutathione-dependent antioxidation and the establishment of biotrophy. 18 Other examples linking fungal metabolic regulation and plant defense suppression are not known.…”

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16] The M. oryzae glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) sensor, Tps1, regulates carbon metabolism and connects glucose availability 17 to glutathione-dependent antioxidation and the establishment of biotrophy. 18 Other examples linking fungal metabolic regulation and plant defense suppression are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and incubated in 1 mg ml-1 DAB solution (pH 3.8) at room temperature for 8 h in the dark. 16 After incubation, samples were destained with ethanol:acetic acid (94:4, vol/vol) for 1 h. Images were taken with a Leica DC300 camera mounted on a Leica DMLB microscope at ×400 magnification. For callose staining, rice sheaths were cleared overnight with ethanol: acetic acid (6:1, vol/vol).…”

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The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

et al. 2017

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Understanding how microorganisms manipulate plant innate immunity and colonize host cells is a major goal of plant pathology. Here, we report that the fungal nitrooxidative stress response suppresses host defenses to facilitate the growth and development of the important rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in leaf cells. Nitronate monooxygenases encoded by NMO genes catalyze the oxidative denitrification of nitroalkanes. We show that the M. oryzae NMO2 gene is required for mitigating damaging lipid nitration under nitrooxidative stress conditions and, consequently, for using nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen sources. On plants, the Δnmo2 mutant strain penetrated host cuticles like wild type, but invasive hyphal growth in rice cells was restricted and elicited plant immune responses that included the formation of cellular deposits and a host reactive oxygen species burst. Development of the M. oryzae effector-secreting biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) was misregulated in the Δnmo2 mutant. Inhibiting or quenching host reactive oxygen species suppressed rice innate immune responses and allowed the Δnmo2 mutant to grow and develop normally in infected cells. NMO2 is thus essential for mitigating nitrooxidative cellular damage and, in rice cells, maintaining redox balance to avoid triggering plant defenses that impact M. oryzae growth and BIC development.Global rice yields are significantly and negatively impacted each year by blast disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae 1-3 (synonym of Pyricularia oryzae). Defining the full spectrum of molecular pro- Marroquin-Guzman et al. in Nature Microbiology 2 (2017) 2 cesses used by M. oryzae to manipulate rice innate immunity and allow fungal colonization of host cells might reveal additional sources of pathogen resistance and improve crop health. M. oryzae infects hosts by first forming specialized infection structures, appressoria, at the tips of germ tubes emerging from spores adhered to the leaf surface. 4,5 A thin penetration peg emerging from an unmelanized patch on the base of the appressorium 6 is forced through the rice leaf cuticle under hydrostatic turgor pressure 1 . In the first penetrated cell, the peg differentiates into primary hyphae then bulbous invasive hyphae (IH) that are surrounded by the plant-derived extra-invasive hyphal membrane (EIHM). Branching IH fill the first invaded cell before spreading into neighboring living rice cells at around 44 h post-inoculation. 7,8 This biotrophic growth phase progresses for 4-5 days before M. oryzae enters its necrotrophic phase.To colonize rice cells, M. oryzae must first suppress or avoid triggering two types of plant innate immunity that protect against microbial attack [9][10][11] : pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI), which can be suppressed by microbial effectors, and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), if effectors are detected. The biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), a host membrane-derived structure, is formed behind M. oryzae IH in each in...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

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“…DNA is purified using the Wizard PCR Clean-up kit and eluted into 30 μl ddH2O. least in triplicate by qPCR using specific primers designed in the MoSod1 promoter region (Fernandez et al, 2014). qPCR values obtained from ANTI-FLAG M2 Affinity Gel immunoprecipitation were adjusted for non-specific chromatin binding and precipitation …”

Section: H Reverse Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay for Detecting Direct and Indirect Protein � DNA Interactions in Magnaporthe oryzae

Li¹,

Marroquin-Guzman²,

Wilson³

2015

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Effects of the Timing of Herbivory on Plant Defense Induction and Insect Performance in Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Depend on Plant Mycorrhizal Status

et al. 2015

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Plants often are exposed to antagonistic and symbiotic organisms both aboveground and belowground. Interactions between above- and belowground organisms may occur either simultaneously or sequentially, and jointly can determine plant responses to future enemies. However, little is known about time-dependency of such aboveground-belowground interactions. We examined how the timing of a 24 h period of aboveground herbivory by Spodoptera exigua (1–8 d prior to later arriving conspecifics) influenced the response of Plantago lanceolata and the performance of later arriving conspecifics. We also examined whether these induced responses were modulated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae. The amount of leaf area consumed by later arriving herbivores decreased with time after induction by early herbivores. Mycorrhizal infection reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) of later arriving herbivores, associated with a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food rather than a reduction in relative consumption rates. In non-mycorrhizal plants, leaf concentrations of the defense compound catalpol showed a linear two-fold increase during the eight days following early herbivory. By contrast, mycorrhizal plants already had elevated levels of leaf catalpol prior to their exposure to early herbivory and did not show any further increase following herbivory. These results indicate that AMF resulted in a systemic induction, rather than priming of these defenses. AMF infection significantly reduced shoot biomass of Plantago lanceolata. We conclude that plant responses to future herbivores are not only influenced by exposure to prior aboveground and belowground organisms, but also by when these prior organisms arrive and interact.

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Plant defence suppression is mediated by a fungal sirtuin during rice infection by Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 59 publications

References 66 publications

The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay for Detecting Direct and Indirect Protein � DNA Interactions in Magnaporthe oryzae

Effects of the Timing of Herbivory on Plant Defense Induction and Insect Performance in Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Depend on Plant Mycorrhizal Status

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