Plant community dynamics relative to the changing distribution of a highly invasive species, Eichhornia crassipes: a remote sensing perspective

Khanna, Shruti; Santos, María J.; Hestir, Erin L.; Ustin, Susan L.

doi:10.1007/s10530-011-0112-x

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It basically states that unused resources (the resource dimension of niche space) in a community make the community susceptible to invasion from a species that can exploit those resources. Although not an explicit test of empty niche hypothesis, Khanna et al (2012) found that E. crassipes and submersed aquatic macrophyte dynamics were opposite which indicated it was colonizing available ''empty'' space. They noted that even when submersed vegetation growth was pronounced, E. crassipes only colonized new sites, but in general did not show much growth when submersed vegetation was topped out.…”

Section: Empty Nichementioning

confidence: 89%

Ecological mechanisms of invasion success in aquatic macrophytes

2014

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Aquatic plants (macrophytes) are important components of freshwater ecosystems and serve numerous purposes that structure aquatic communities. Although macrophytes represent an essential component of stable aquatic communities, invasive macrophytes negatively alter ecosystem properties. Non-native, invasive species have been identified as a major cause of biodiversity loss and the increasing prevalence of invasive species has prompted studies to help understand their impacts and to conserve biodiversity. Studying mechanisms of invasion also give insight into how communities are structured and assembled. This paper examined mechanisms that contribute to macrophyte invasion through a literature review. Mechanisms identified with this review included competition, enemy release, evolution of increased competitive ability, mutualisms, invasional meltdown, novel weapons, allelopathy, phenotypic plasticity, naturalization of related species, empty niche, fluctuating resources, opportunity windows, and propagule pressure; and were then placed within the context of the invasion process. Results of this review indicated that many invasion mechanisms have been tested with fully aquatic macrophytes with varied levels of support (i.e., some mechanisms are not supported by evidence in the context of macrophyte invasions). Future research should continue the search for evidence of invasion mechanisms that allow introduced species to establish. It is likely that general principles governing these invasions do not exist, at least among comparisons across ecosystem types. However, ecologists should continue to search for general patterns within definable ecosystem units to increase understanding about factors contributing to invasibility.

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Section: Empty Nichementioning

confidence: 89%

Ecological mechanisms of invasion success in aquatic macrophytes

2014

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“…has been documented in Liberty Island at least since 2004 but has increased in area since then (Khanna et al. ). The emergent marsh forms triangular shapes into the water that are separated by the original agricultural access roads between fields, with deposition starting along this edge and filling outward.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and dynamic floating communities (Khanna et al. ). Water primrose has been mapped in this area since the 2000s and surged after the population crash of pennywort ( Hydrocotyle umbellata ) in the past decade (personal observation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Optimal Scale Change Detection (OSCD) algorithm as a way to overcome this limitation (Khanna et al. ). The OSCD is relatively robust to small co‐registration errors between images because it detects change at a coarser spatial scale than the spatial resolution of the imagery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removal of invasives may facilitate the establishment or expansion of either native or non‐native species into the niche that was created and modified by the invasive (Klötzli and Grootjans , Lugo , Khanna et al. ). Gaertner et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water primrose invasion changes successional pathways in an estuarine ecosystem

et al. 2018

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Invasive species fundamentally change the bio‐physical and ecological characteristics of the ecosystems they invade. Rapidly expanding invasive species may facilitate the spread of other invasive species, and successive invasion events may lead to novel species interactions that may push the system beyond its equilibrium state and change successional pathways. Knowing the direction of the invasion front may be useful to predict impacts of invasive species. Water primrose (Ludwigia spp.), one of the invasive floating macrophytes in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter, Delta), has increased in cover rapidly over the past three decades likely outcompeting native and non‐native species, changing their functional relationships, with cascading effects in the macrophyte communities of the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we analyze the directionality of water primrose invasion and assess which spaces it occupies, whether it has overcrowded or outcompeted other vegetation communities, and its implications for succession in the Delta. We used imaging spectroscopy data acquired in June of 2004, June of 2008, November of 2014, and October of 2016 for the 2500 km2 of the Delta to map the communities of submerged macrophytes, floating macrophytes, and emergent marsh. We found that water primrose cover increased fourfold in the Delta over the past 13 yr, changing significantly in the central Delta and Liberty Island region from 122 ha in 2004 to 471 ha in 2016. Water primrose expanded first by spreading over open water and submerged macrophytes and, when that habitat was exhausted, primrose invasion switched direction and encroached into emergent marsh. This bilateral expansion to both open water and the marsh is likely to change rates of succession and affect the restoration of the native Delta marshes. Understanding the mechanisms behind the expansion dynamics of this invasive will allow managers to counter its impact on newly established vulnerable marshes.

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Responses of submerged macrophytes Vallisneria natans and epiphytic biofilm to floating plants Eichhornia crassipes in eutrophic water

Zhang

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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The degeneration of submerged macrophytes and the invasion of Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) destroyed the balance of aquatic ecosystems environments. In this study, responses of Vallisneria natans (V. natans) and the leaf‐epiphytic biofilms to E. crassipes were analyzed to provide a technical scheme for V. natans restoration and E. crassipes control in eutrophic water. The results showed that a significant improvement of water quality achieved in 1100 ind·m−2 E. crassipes density group and TN removal rate reached 63.53%. The presence of E. crassipes changed the morphological characteristics of V. natans, which stimulated the adaptive mechanisms via promotion of shoot height and root length. Concentrations of the antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the V. natans leaves remained stable. But E. crassipes greatly increased the microbial diversity on V. natans leave biofilms. Furthermore, the greatest richness in bacterial community diversity was observed at 700, 1100, and 1200 ind·m−2 E. crassipes densities in heatmap, which was beneficial to the stability of the water ecological environment. These results showed that the combination of V. natans with E. crassipes of 1100 ind m−2 providing more favorable conditions for the growth and restoration of submerged macrophytes and improve the water quality. Practitioner Points The responses of submerged macrophytes to floating plants were studied. The optimal density of Eichhornia crassipes was 1100 ind m−2. The biofilm microbial community changed in response to Eichhornia crassipes.

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Plant community dynamics relative to the changing distribution of a highly invasive species, Eichhornia crassipes: a remote sensing perspective

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

Ecological mechanisms of invasion success in aquatic macrophytes

Ecological mechanisms of invasion success in aquatic macrophytes

Water primrose invasion changes successional pathways in an estuarine ecosystem

Responses of submerged macrophytes Vallisneria natans and epiphytic biofilm to floating plants Eichhornia crassipes in eutrophic water

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