Plant Cells: Secondary Metabolite Heterogeneity and Its Manipulation

Zhong, Jian‐Jiang; Yue, Cai-Jun

doi:10.1007/b136412

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Manipulation of the heterogeneity of plant secondary metabolites to produce certain specific products has been a very interesting issue (Zhong and Yue, 2005). In this study, intentional alteration of ginsenoside heterogeneity by induction of P6H was attempted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intentional manipulation of the ginsenoside heterogeneity in cellular biosynthesis is of great interest and significance [Zhong and Yue (2005); Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 100:53-88]. In this work, CO-binding spectra of microsomes prepared from the suspended cells of Panax notoginseng showed increases in absorption at 450 nm compared with the control without CO sparging, and protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase (P6H), a new enzyme catalyzing the conversion of ginsenoside aglycone protopanaxadiol into protopanaxatriol, was found.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

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Protopanaxadiol 6‐hydroxylase and its role in regulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in Panax notoginseng cells

Yue

Zhou

Zhong

2008

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Various structure-similar plant secondary metabolites like ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) possess different or even totally opposite biological activities. Intentional manipulation of the ginsenoside heterogeneity in cellular biosynthesis is of great interest and significance [Zhong and Yue (2005); Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 100:53-88]. In this work, CO-binding spectra of microsomes prepared from the suspended cells of Panax notoginseng showed increases in absorption at 450 nm compared with the control without CO sparging, and protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase (P6H), a new enzyme catalyzing the conversion of ginsenoside aglycone protopanaxadiol into protopanaxatriol, was found. P6H was dependent on NADPH and molecular oxygen. The enzymatic reaction was inhibited by carbon monoxide and partially reversible upon illumination with blue light, and sensitive to cytochrome P450 inhibitors. The results supported the contention that P6H was a cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase, whose catalytic product was confirmed to be protopanaxatriol by HPLC-MS. Induction of P6H activity by phenobarbital, a cytochrome P450 inducer, was observed. A maximal activity of P6H was obtained with addition of 0.5 mM phenobarbital on day 4 of shake-flask cultivation. The maximum content of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides (Rg(1) and Re, Rg group) and the maximum ratio of the content of protopanaxatriol: protopanaxadiol reached 6.88 +/- 0.21 mg g(-1) dry weight and 7.0, respectively, which was about 1.4 and 2.0-fold that of respective controls (without addition of phenobarbital). Oxidative burst was also observed in the cell cultures with addition of phenobarbital. P6H was concluded as a key enzyme in regulating Rg-group ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. notoginseng cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Protopanaxadiol 6‐hydroxylase and its role in regulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in Panax notoginseng cells

Yue

Zhou

Zhong

2008

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…Recently, manipulation of secondary metabolite heterogeneity in plant cell cultures has received great attention [2,6]. Many structure-similar ginsenosides possess different interesting biological activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panax notoginseng (Sanchiginseng) is one of the most valuable Chinese traditional medicinal herbs. Because different ginsenosides have different or even opposite pharmacological activities, manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity in ginseng cell cultures is an important issue for practical applications [2,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity of Panax notoginseng cells in flask and bioreactor cultivations with addition of phenobarbital

Yue

Zhong

2007

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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Structure-similar ginsenosides have different or even totally opposite biological activities, and manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity is interesting and significant to biotechnological application. In this work, addition of 1 mM phenobarbital to cell cultures of Panax notoginseng at a relatively high inoculation size of 7.6 g dry cell weight (DW)/L enhanced the production of protopanaxatriol-type (Rg(1) + Re) ginsenosides in both shake flask and airlift bioreactor (ALR, 1 L working volume). The content of Rg(1) + Re in the ALR was increased from 42.5 +/- 4.0 mg per gram DW in untreated cell cultures (control) to 56.4 +/- 4.6 mg per gram DW with addition of 1.0 mM phenobarbital. The maximum productivity of Rg(1) + Re in the ALR reached 5.66 +/- 0.38 mg L(-1) d(-1), which was almost 3.3-fold that of control. The maximum ratio of the detectable ginsenosides protopanaxatriol:protopanaxadiol (Rb(1)) was 7.6, which was about twofold that of control. The response of protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase (P6H) activity to phenobarbital addition coincided with the above-mentioned change of ginsenoside heterogeneity (distribution). Phenobarbital addition is considered as a useful strategy for manipulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in bioreactor with enhanced biosynthesis of protopanaxatriol by P. notoginseng cells.

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“…Usually, the plants recognize the kairomones produced by their herbivores and produce compounds to repel them or to call the natural enemy of the predator [Powel and Poppy, 2001]. The number of infochemicals produced by the plants is very large and usually, these are volatile compounds, which are also called secondary products of metabolism to differentiate them from nutrients or catabolic products [Zhong and Yue, 2005]. These secondary compounds are produced specifically to transmit information to other species and are often lateral products on a primary metabolic pathway.…”

Section: Semiochemicals In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelochemical Communication in Vertebrates: Kairomones, Allomones and Synomones

Sbarbati

Osculati²

2006

Cells Tissues Organs

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Communication between different species by means of chemicals (allelomones) is widespread among prokaryotes, plants and invertebrates. This study reviews data suggesting that allelochemically mediated communication also exists among vertebrates. The work aims to provide a concise, interdisciplinary review of communication mediated by infochemicals, with a focus on interspecies and interkingdom signaling. A definition of infochemicals is given, with a brief review of the general principles of chemical communication in different kingdoms in nature. Findings are reported which suggest that interspecies chemical signaling is important for vertebrates also. It is proposed that the general laws of chemical ecology are valid for mammals too, and that the terms indicating the different types of allelomones (i.e. kairomone, allomone and synomone) might also be used in medicine. In particular, the microchemical environment at the airway and digestive interfaces are discussed from an infochemical point of view.

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Plant Cells: Secondary Metabolite Heterogeneity and Its Manipulation

Cited by 25 publications

References 103 publications

Protopanaxadiol 6‐hydroxylase and its role in regulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in Panax notoginseng cells

Protopanaxadiol 6‐hydroxylase and its role in regulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in Panax notoginseng cells

Manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity of Panax notoginseng cells in flask and bioreactor cultivations with addition of phenobarbital

Allelochemical Communication in Vertebrates: Kairomones, Allomones and Synomones

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