Plant Cell Walls

Albersheim, Peter; Darvill, Alan G.; Roberts, Keith; Sederoff, Ron; Staehelin, L. Andrew

doi:10.1201/9780203833476

Cited by 211 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Among those, there are cell walls, which contain several major components, and those, the predominant component of which is cellulose. The most pure natural cellulose is considered to be present in cotton seed hairs (sometimes erroneously called "cotton fibers") -over 90% of cell wall [1]. Very close to this value is a special group of plant fibers -cellulosic or gelatinous fibers, the proportion of cellulose in which amounts for 85-90% [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, the very significant portion of total plant cellulose may be concentrated within the gelatinous fibers, making them the important source for production of biofuels and bio-based products. An additional attractiveness of cellulosic fibers for such applications comes from the fact that gelatinous cell wall layers are devoid of lignin -the major hurdle in using plant biomass [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulosic Fibers: Role of Matrix Polysaccharides in Structure and Function

Mikshina¹,

Chernova²,

Chemikosova³

et al. 2013

Cellulose - Fundamental Aspects

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic Fibers: Role of Matrix Polysaccharides in Structure and Function

Mikshina¹,

Chernova²,

Chemikosova³

et al. 2013

Cellulose - Fundamental Aspects

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“…The principal barrier to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol or chemicals is the insoluble lignin network that surrounds and shields the cellulose microfibrils from degrading enzymes. The high energy and environmental costs of the treatments necessary to overcome these drawbacks constitute major hurdles to commercial E2G production [2]. To overcome these limitations, many studies have focused on the identification of enzymes related to biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoside Hydrolases in Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: Predicting Functions That Could Be Relevant for Improving Biomass Transformation Processes

Calderan-Rodrigues¹,

Fonseca²,

Clemente³

et al. 2018

Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy

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Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are enzymes that are able to rearrange the plant cell wall polysaccharides, being developmental-and stress-regulated. Such proteins are used in enzymatic cocktails for biomass hydrolysis in the second-generation ethanol (E2G) production. In this chapter, we investigate GHs identified in plant cell wall proteomes by predicting their functions through alignment with homologous plant and microorganism sequences and identification of functional domains. Up to now, 49 cell wall GHs were identified in sugarcane and 114 in Brachypodium distachyon. We could point at candidate proteins that could be targeted to lower biomass recalcitrance. We more specifically addressed several GHs with predicted cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase activities, such as β-xylosidase, α and β-galactosidase, α-N-arabinofuranosidases, and glucan β-glucosidases. These enzymes are among the most used in enzymatic cocktails to deconstruct plant cell walls. As an example, the fungi arabinofuranosidases belonging to the GH51 family, which were also identified in sugarcane and B. distachyon, have already been associated to the degradation of hemicellulosic and pectic polysaccharides, through a peculiar mechanism, probably more efficient than other GH families. Future research will benefit from the information available here to design plant varieties with self-disassembly capacity, making the E2G more cost-effective through the use of more efficient enzymes.

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“…A diversity of amorphous polysaccharides ("hemicelluloses" and "pectins"), structural (glyco)proteins, and polyphenolics ("lignin") associate with paracrystalline cellulose microfibrils within the plant cell wall to form a composite framework that is both strong and dynamic (1). Among the many matrix glycans in land plants, the diverse family of xyloglucans and the mixed-linkage glucans predominate in varying ratios, depending on the plant lineage and tissue type (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Function Analysis of a Mixed-linkage β-Glucanase/Xyloglucanase from the Key Ruminal Bacteroidetes Prevotella bryantii B14

McGregor

Morar

Fenger

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The recent classification of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) members into subfamilies enhances the prediction of substrate specificity by phylogenetic analysis. However, the small number of well characterized members is a current limitation to understanding the molecular basis of the diverse specificity observed across individual GH5 subfamilies. GH5 subfamily 4 (GH5_4) is one of the largest, with known activities comprising (carboxymethyl)cellulases, mixedlinkage endo-glucanases, and endo-xyloglucanases. Through detailed structure-function analysis, we have revisited the characterization of a classic GH5_4 carboxymethylcellulase, PbGH5A (also known as Orf4, carboxymethylcellulase, and Cel5A), from the symbiotic rumen Bacteroidetes Prevotella bryantii B 1 4. We demonstrate that carboxymethylcellulose and phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose are in fact relatively poor substrates for PbGH5A, which instead exhibits clear primary specificity for the plant storage and cell wall polysaccharide, mixedlinkage ␤-glucan. Significant activity toward the plant cell wall polysaccharide xyloglucan was also observed. Determination of PbGH5A crystal structures in the apo-form and in complex with (xylo)glucan oligosaccharides and an active-site affinity label, together with detailed kinetic analysis using a variety of well defined oligosaccharide substrates, revealed the structural determinants of polysaccharide substrate specificity. In particular, this analysis highlighted the PbGH5A active-site motifs that engender predominant mixed-linkage endo-glucanase activity vis à vis predominant endo-xyloglucanases in GH5_4. However the detailed phylogenetic analysis of GH5_4 members did not delineate particular clades of enzymes sharing these sequence motifs; the phylogeny was instead dominated by bacterial taxonomy. Nonetheless, our results provide key enzyme functional and structural reference data for future bioinformatics analyses of (meta)genomes to elucidate the biology of complex gut ecosystems.

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Plant Cell Walls

Cited by 211 publications

References 0 publications

Cellulosic Fibers: Role of Matrix Polysaccharides in Structure and Function

Cellulosic Fibers: Role of Matrix Polysaccharides in Structure and Function

Glycoside Hydrolases in Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: Predicting Functions That Could Be Relevant for Improving Biomass Transformation Processes

Structure-Function Analysis of a Mixed-linkage β-Glucanase/Xyloglucanase from the Key Ruminal Bacteroidetes Prevotella bryantii B14

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