Plant cell adhesion and growth on artificial fibrous scaffolds as an in vitro model for plant development

Abstract

Artificial fibrous matrices that mimic the plant cell wall enable the adhesion and culture of plant cells in vitro.

Review: Characterising the mechanics of cell–cell adhesion in plants — R0/PR2

“…Yet, it could still be a very useful approach to quantitatively compare adhesion of wild type and mutant cells or in response to treatments. An alternative would be to mimic an adjacent cell wall using purified cell wall components such as pectins, celluloses and hemicelluloses, cell wall extracts blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane or coated in flow or microfluidic chambers or even other artificial scaffolds as recently developed (Calcutt et al, 2021). While it remains to be determined whether such study of plant cell adhesion to a substrate would provide physiologically relevant information, using different substrates with different composition could be very informative to further understand the chemical determinants of cell adhesion and similarly to compare wild type, mutants and treatments in a context which the force applied on a large number of cells can be precisely quantified.…”

The plasma membrane as a mechanotransducer in plants

“…Using the same method, and assuming that cell division plane can be a proxy for interphasic cortical microtubule orientation, Lynch and Lintilhac explored the impact of compression on cell division, and highlighted that the cell division plane is determined by both geometrical and mechanical cues [51]. More recently, artificial scaffolds have been tested to allow BY-2 cells to adhere on a substrate and grow, which is an essential step if one wants to reconcile single cell approach to cell behavior in tissues [52].…”

“…En utilisant la même méthode, et en supposant que le plan de division cellulaire peut être une approximation de l'orientation interphasique des microtubules corticaux, Lynch et Lintilhac ont exploré l'impact de la compression sur la division cellulaire, et ont souligné que le plan de division cellulaire est déterminé à la fois par des paramètres géométriques et mécaniques [51]. Plus récemment, des matrices artificielles ont été testées pour permettre aux cellules BY-2 d'adhérer à un substrat et de croître, ce qui est une étape essentielle si l'on veut concilier l'approche unicellulaire et le comportement des cellules dans les tissus [52]. Les protoplastes peuvent s'avérer très utiles pour étudier le rôle de la tension membranaire dans la mécanotransduction.…”

Effect of porosity on mechanical and biological properties of bioprinted scaffolds

“…The porous structure of the scaffold is critical in TE because it influences vascularization and tissue regeneration 18 . A 3D scaffold must have an optimal porous structure since pore shape, fiber orientation, porosity percentage, and pores interconnectivity can affect nutrition transmission, waste material extract, signal expression, cultured cells environment, cell attachment to the scaffold, cell migration among the scaffold pores, and mechanical properties 19,20 …”

“…18 A 3D scaffold must have an optimal porous structure since pore shape, fiber orientation, porosity percentage, and pores interconnectivity can affect nutrition transmission, waste material extract, signal expression, cultured cells environment, cell attachment to the scaffold, cell migration among the scaffold pores, and mechanical properties. 19,20 Some procedures include solvent casting and particulate leaching, 21 membrane lamination, 22 fiber bonding, 23 gas foaming, 24 phase separation, 25 emulsion freeze-drying, 26 melt molding, 22 electrospinning, 27 and 3D printing 28 are used to produce scaffolds with continuous porous structures.…”