Plant Carotenoids: Pigments for Photoprotection, Visual Attraction, and Human Health

Bartley, Glenn E.; Scolnik, Pablo A.

doi:10.2307/3870055

Cited by 127 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…The genes coding for these ~-carotene synthesizing enzymes have been isolated from a variety of bacteria, fungi and plants (for reviews see Armstrong, 1994;Armstrong and Hearst, 1996;Bartley and Scolnik, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

et al. 1997

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SummaryRice (Oryza aativa L.), the major food staple for more than two billion people, contains neither J~-carotene (provitamin A) nor C40 carotenoid precursors thereof in its endosperm. To improve the nutritional value of rice, genetic engineering was chosen as a means to introduce the ability to make I~-carotene into rice endosperm tissue. Investigation of the biochemical properties of immature rice endosperm using [14C]-Iabelled substrates revealed the presence of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, the C20 general isoprenoid precursor necessary for C4o carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytoene synthase, which condenses two molecules of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, is the first of four specific enzymes necessary for [~-carotene biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, the Japonica rice model variety Taipei 309 was transformed by microprojectile bombardment with a cDNA coding for phytoene synthase from daffodil {Narcissus pseudonarcissus) under the control of either a constitutive or an endosperm-specific promoter. In transgenic rice plants, the daffodil enzyme is active, as measured by the in vivo accumulation of phytoene in rice endosperm. Thus, it is demonstrated for the first time that it is in principle possible to engineer a critical step in provitamin A biosynthesis in a non-photosynthetic, carotenoid-lacking plant tissue. These results have important implications for longterm prospects of overcoming worldwide vitamin A deficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

et al. 1997

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“…Progeny tests additionally demonstrated that homozygous transgenic plants appear to have a stronger reduction of the target transcripts, accumulate more small interfering RNA (siRNA), and have more severe phenotypic changes than the heterozygous plants, suggesting a dosage effect of RNAi in hexaploid wheat (Travella et al 2006). It is also interesting to mention that in both cases (PDS and EIN2), RNAi induced phenotypic changes were similar to mutant phenotypes described in diploid model plants (Bartley and Scolnik 1995;Alonso et al 1999).…”

Section: Rnai-mediated Silencing Of Individual Wheat Homoeologous Genesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Silencing of these genes generates phenotypes that are easy to visualize making them ideal targets for evaluating silencing of individual homoeologous genes. PDS is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis (Cunningham and Gantt 1998) and reduction or inhibition of this enzyme in plants results in variegated green/white leaves (Bartley and Scolnik 1995). EIN2 is a central component of the ethylene signaling pathway (Alonso et al 1999) B2 C....C.......A...T...A.............C...........G....................G..C........A.---....T.C..C...........CC.....…”

Section: Rnai-mediated Silencing Of Individual Wheat Homoeologous Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA interference for wheat functional gene analysis

Uauy

Blechl

et al. 2007

Transgenic Res

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RNA interference (RNAi) refers to a common mechanism of RNA-based post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotic cells. In model plant species such as Arabidopsis and rice, RNAi has been routinely used to characterize gene function and to engineer novel phenotypes. In polyploid species, this approach is in its early stages, but has great potential since multiple homoeologous copies can be simultaneously silenced with a single RNAi construct. In this article, we discuss the utilization of RNAi in wheat functional gene analysis and its effect on transcript regulation of homoeologous genes. We also review recent examples of RNAi modification of important agronomic and quality traits in wheat and discuss future directions for this technology.

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“…As is known chlorophylls and carotenoids are the major photosynthetic pigments that play a key role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants, provide plant productivity, and have a beneficial effect on human health [77,78,[88][89][90][91]. The plant hormones cytokinins play a key role in the regulation of photosynthetic processes in plant cells [85][86][87].…”

Section: Impact Of Synthetic Lmwhc On Content Of Photosynthetic Pigmementioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

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Plant Carotenoids: Pigments for Photoprotection, Visual Attraction, and Human Health

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

RNA interference for wheat functional gene analysis

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