Plant Biotechnology and Milk Thistle

Rady, M. R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22929-0_2

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In this study, maximum seed germination frequency (75%) was recorded in seeds after four weeks of incubation and healthy plantlets were developed in culture tubes. Similarly, MS media without fortification of PGRs was also reported by Zara et al [29], for seed germination to obtained the in vitro plantlets of Silybum marianum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L.

Shehzad

Khan

Ali

et al. 2021

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L.

Shehzad

Khan

Ali

et al. 2021

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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“…(Asteraceae)] has become a cosmopolitan species; nowadays its habitat covers Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Throughout the globe, milk thistle is valued for its regenerative effect on toxic liver diseases such as adipohepatic hepatitis, inveterate hepatitis C, and alcohol intoxication, as well as its positive effects on digestive and mental health 1 , 2 . The ingredient investigated in this study is silymarin (SLM), which is a mixture of six different flavonolignans (SC, SD, SBA, SBB, ISA, and ISB) that is found in the seeds of milk thistle 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ingredient investigated in this study is silymarin (SLM), which is a mixture of six different flavonolignans (SC, SD, SBA, SBB, ISA, and ISB) that is found in the seeds of milk thistle 3 . As a strong antioxidant, SLM has already been investigated and is responsible for the regeneration of liver cells, for which the biochemical mechanism involves SBB binding to the liver cell membranes, thereby increasing their stability 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . SLM is extracted from the dried fruit (fructus) of the milk thistle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of Silymarin in Silybi mariani fructus: Challenging the Analytical Performance of Benchtop vs. Handheld NIR Spectrometers on Whole Seeds

et al. 2021

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The content of the flavonolignan mixture silymarin and its individual components (silichristin, silidianin, silibinin A, silibinin B, isosilibinin A, and isosilibinin B) in whole and milled milk thistle seeds (Silybi mariani fructus) was analyzed with near-infrared spectroscopy. The analytical performance of one benchtop and two handheld near-infrared spectrometers was compared. Reference analysis was performed with HPLC following a Soxhlet extraction (European Pharmacopoeia) and a more resource-efficient ultrasonic extraction. The reliability of near-infrared spectral analysis determined through partial least squares regression models constructed independently for the spectral datasets obtained by the three spectrometers was as follows. The benchtop device NIRFlex N-500 performed the best both for milled and whole seeds with a root mean square error of CV between 0.01 and 0.17%. The handheld spectrometer MicroNIR 2200 as well as the microPHAZIR provided a similar performance (root mean square error of CV between 0.01 and 0.18% and between 0.01 and 0.23%, respectively). We carried out quantum chemical simulation of near-infrared spectra of silichristin, silidianin, silibinin, and isosilibinin for interpretation of the results of spectral analysis. This provided understanding of the absorption regions meaningful for the calibration. Further, it helped to better separate how the chemical and physical properties of the samples affect the analysis. While the study demonstrated that milling of samples slightly improves the performance, it was deemed to be critical only for the analysis carried out with the microPHAZIR. This study evidenced that rapid and nondestructive quantification of silymarin and individual flavonolignans is possible with miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy in whole milk thistle seeds.

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Plant Biotechnology and Milk Thistle

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L.

Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L.

Quantification of Silymarin in Silybi mariani fructus: Challenging the Analytical Performance of Benchtop vs. Handheld NIR Spectrometers on Whole Seeds

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