Plant-based green fabrication of CuO-CdO-bentonite S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of levofloxacin

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…The photocatalytic activity of CdO nanoparticles synthesized via a green route imparted 95% degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous media under sunlight (60 minutes). 442 In another work, ZnO nanorod irradiated with UV lamp recorded 92% degradation of ciprofloxacin in 60 minutes. 443 3.6.2 Metal-metal oxides.…”

“…The presence of ciprofloxacin in water acts as pollutant and can be removed by means of a photocatalytic approach. 425–524…”

The Elimination of Levofloxacin from High-Salinity Wastewater via the Electrochlorination Process

“…The results showed that the acute and chronic toxicity of the treated wastewater containing 4-cp decreased in all four pathways of degradation after treatment. When AOPs were applied to LEV degradation, the byproducts of P3, P6, and P9 could often be detected, and these byproducts were able to further convert into small molecules [44][45][46]. Although LEV degradation by the E-Cl process generates a number of intermediate products, they are expected to be further degraded with a longer reaction time; therefore, the environmental risks of the byproducts can be limited.…”

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin over heterostructured C3N4/Nb2O5 system under visible light

“…The primary sources of FQs buildup in the environment are wastewater discharge from healthcare facilities, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and agricultural runoff. Notably, the overuse of levofloxacin as an anti-inflammatory drug for humans has increased residual groundwater concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. Levofloxacin exhibits a broad spectrum of activity and has a prolonged half-life, making it difficult to degrade its active pharmaceutical ingredients, rendering conventional treatment methods ineffective, ultimately compromising drinking water safety [ 8 , 9 ].…”