Plant-based diets and risk of disease mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Jafari, Sahar; Hezaveh, Erfan; Jalilpiran, Yahya; Jayedi, Ahmad; Wong, Alexei; Safaiyan, Abdolrasoul; Barzegar, Ali

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1918628

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The potential long-term benefits of a plant-based diet are also supported by studies that look at more distal cardiometabolic outcomes. (Jafari et al, 2021;Qian et al, 2019;Quek et al, 2021) Previous studies have demonstrated differential associations between men and women with plant-based diets and obesity risk. (Asgari et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2020;Sisay, Tolessa, & Mekonen, 2020) Different dietary or other lifestyle behaviours and biological differences including hormonal influences, inherent body composition and other metabolic differences may account for significant sex differences.…”

Section: Findings In the Context Of Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and obesity risk: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Jarvis

Nguyen

Malik

2022

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The worldwide prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities is staggering, and elevated body mass index represents a leading risk factor of death globally. Consistent evidence demonstrates a high-quality plant-based diet as an effective intervention for weight management, although it may be particularly challenging to adopt in its entirety for habitual meat consumers or individuals with especially poor-quality diets. Plant-based diets are increasingly studied using indices such as the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI, and unhealthful PDI, which offer more flexibility than a binary classification of vegetarianism and better facilitate translation into dietary recommendations. We summarized these recently accumulated studies to comprehensively evaluate plant-based diets in relation to obesity risk. We searched Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases through January 2022 and identified 9 prospective adult cohorts. Reporting of results was consistent with PRISMA guidelines and certainty of the evidence was assessed using domains from GRADE. The PDI had a protective association with body weight gain and adiposity. Emphasis of healthful plant foods strengthened this association and emphasis of unhealthful plant foods demonstrated either a positive or null association. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate. These findings have wide application to inform dietary interventions and sustainable policy recommendations. Prospero ID: CRD42020198143.

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Section: Findings In the Context Of Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and obesity risk: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Jarvis

Nguyen

Malik

2022

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Vegetarian diets are associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, and in particular of mortality due to cardiovascular (0.92, 95% CI 0.85, 0.99; I 2 = 0%) and coronary artery disease (0.76; 95% CI 0.68, 0.85; I 2 = 35%) [ 24 ]. It has yet to be fully elucidated which subtype of vegetarian diet (vegan, lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian) could have the best BP lowering and cardiovascular disease prevention effect.…”

Section: Dietary Patterns Improving Blood Pressure Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control: Beyond Salt Restriction

Cicero

Veronesi

Fogacci

2021

High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev

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Lifestyle improvement is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention and has a relevant effect on blood pressure control. During the last decades the attention of the researcher has focused on low-salt diets as the lifestyle modification most effective in blood pressure reduction. Current international guidelines thus suggest to stress the importance of the implementation of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and of a low-salt Mediterranean diet to achieve the best results in term of blood pressure decrease. However, salt reduction in diet could be not the only nor the main determinant of blood pressure reduction under dietary treatment. DASH and low-salt Mediterranean diet are also characterized by a high intake of vegetables (NO and polyphenol sources), whole grains, some low-fat dairy products, and low intake of red meat, sugar, and trans-hydrogenated fats. Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet are also per se associated to a significant improvement in blood pressure levels. Moreover, these diets are particularly effective when associated with a significant weight loss. Furthermore, blood pressure can also be lowered by some nutraceuticals (beetroot, magnesium, vitamin C, catechin-rich beverages, lycopene, etc). The aim of this narrative review is to critically resume the most recent evidence supporting a complete approach to dietary counseling for hypertension prevention and management.

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“…The lack of a cure for COVID-19 infection has spawned a host of treatment and preventative approaches directed at either the virus, strengthening of the immune system or management of the signs and symptoms associated with the disease. Vitamin D is thought to play an effective role in immune system functioning, which can help in a satisfactory cellular response and in protecting against the severity of infections caused by microorganisms 1 . Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D below 50 nmol/l) has also been associated with severe COVID-19 raising discussions about the benefits of supplementation of this vitamin when treating the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D below 50 nmol/l) has also been associated with severe COVID-19 raising discussions about the benefits of supplementation of this vitamin when treating the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. In Europe, an association has been identified between vitamin D deficiency in the population and higher COVID-19 mortality rates implying that that countries closer to the equator present lower COVID-19 mortality rates than those further from the equator 1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What’s new for the clinician– summaries of recently published papers

Yengopal

2022

S. Afr. dent. j.

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The lack of a cure for COVID-19 infection has spawned a host of treatment and preventative approaches directed at either the virus, strengthening of the immune system or management of the signs and symptoms associated with the disease. Vitamin D is thought to play an effective role in immune system functioning, which can help in a satisfactory cellular response and in protecting against the severity of infections caused by microorganisms1. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D below 50nmol/l) has also been associated with severe COVID-19 raising discussions about the benefits of supplementation of this vitamin when treating the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. In Europe, an association has been identified between vitamin D deficiency in the population and higher COVID-19 mortality rates implying that that countries closer to the equator present lower COVID-19 mortality rates than those further from the equator1

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Plant-based diets and risk of disease mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Cited by 49 publications

References 74 publications

Association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and obesity risk: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and obesity risk: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Dietary Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control: Beyond Salt Restriction

What’s new for the clinician– summaries of recently published papers

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