Plant Architecture: A Dynamic, Multilevel and Comprehensive Approach to Plant Form, Structure and Ontogeny

Barthélémy, Daniel; Caraglio, Yves

doi:10.1093/aob/mcl260

Cited by 759 publications

(771 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…Genetics predisposes the tree to a certain form but environment decides if this form will appear or not (Hallé et al 1978;Fisher and Hibbs 1982;Berezovskava et al 1997;Brack 1999;Holdrege 2005;Barthélémy and Caraglio 2007;Getzin and Wiegand 2007;Hallé 2010).…”

Section: Genetics Environment and Shaping Of D Dracomentioning

confidence: 99%

Photomorphogenesis in Dracaena draco

Krawczyszyn¹,

Krawczyszyn²

2015

Trees

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Key message Sunlight is a key environmental factor in growth, flowering and shaping of the Dracaena draco tree. Unidirectional light deforms the tree and may cause it to tilt. Abstract Dracaena draco, a tree-like monocot, lives in cycles of vegetative growth and flowering. The cycles, as well as the tree growth form, are under genetic control. What controls their length has been unknown before. We propose that it is sunlight. Our trees of the same origin, growing for 20 years in the garden in varying sunlight conditions, started to flower when 9-12, 16 and 18-19 years old, for those growing in full sun, part shade and shade, respectively. In full sun, they grow shorter trunks than those in shade, catching overhead sun. Their branches also had shorter or longer growth and flowering cycles depending on sunlight availability. D. draco tree exhibited strong phototropic response and its crown was organized by the direction of growing tips. In full and in overhead sun, it had a regular form but asymmetrical in unidirectional, oblique sunlight. An asymmetrical crown and the absence of reaction wood may cause the D. draco tree tilting and progressive loss of balance.

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Section: Genetics Environment and Shaping Of D Dracomentioning

confidence: 99%

Photomorphogenesis in Dracaena draco

Krawczyszyn¹,

Krawczyszyn²

2015

Trees

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“…To augment the above information concerning tree, shrub and tree parts, the viewpoint of plant sciences was taken into consideration (Allaby 1998, Bailey 1999. For questions concerning the branching systems of trees, literature on plant architecture was also consulted (Barthélémy andCaraglio 2007, Scott 1995). General explanations were obtained from Simpson and Weiner (1991) and Crystal (1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8). A thorough review on the various categories of branching systems as for example described by Scott (1995) or Barthélémy and Caraglio (2007) could lead to more specific partitioning approaches for these various categories of branching systems and unusually shaped trees.…”

Section: Tree Parts and Tree Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common tree definitions for national forest inventories in Europe

Gschwantner¹,

Schadauer²,

Vidal³

et al. 2009

Silva Fenn.

112

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At the international level, various definitions have been established for the compilation and publication of forest resources assessment results over the last decade. These international definitions frequently rely on terms that are not precisely specified for inventory purposes and do not completely cover the requirements arising from the application of National Forest Inventory (NFI) data. Also, with respect to conventional topics such as forest area and growing stock estimation, several terms and expressions referring to individual trees are not, or are only vaguely, defined until now. Since the individual tree is the basic element of any forest resources assessment, the clarification of tree-related terms is an important part of COST Action E43 to harmonise common reporting of National Forest Inventories. Based on a review of existing definitions and on the requirements for harmonised reporting, common tree-related definitions are established. One objective of this study is to refine and enhance the applicability of available tree and shrub definitions, in particular with regard to the distinction between trees and shrubs. The study also focuses on the parts or "elements" of trees and on the distinction between these elements as they are of particular importance in growing stock and biomass definitions. Furthermore, several definitions for tree characteristics such as "living" and "standing", as well as tree variables such as height, length, diameter at breast height, and crown projection area are adjusted with respect to NFI purposes. A concluding discussion reflects upon the reviewed, refined and newly established definitions. The definitions presented in this paper provide a firm basis for a common set of harmonised reference definitions developed by COST Action E43 and contribute to the precise and consistent use of terms.

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“…Esto último hace que la disponibilidad de meristemas activos varíe constantemente durante el desarrollo de planta afectando el comportamiento y respuesta a distintos factores en función del momento de la aplicación. La planta construye su forma a medida que avanza el desarrollo y se establecen las ramificaciones (Barthélémy & Caraglio, 2007), por lo que la magnitud de la recuperación en plantas tolerantes estará afectada fuertemente por el estadio de desarrollo al cuál la misma es tratada.…”

Section: (A) (B)unclassified

CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUCTURALES Y FISIOLÓGICAS DE Petunia axillaris RELACIONADAS CON SU BAJA SENSIBILIDAD A GLIFOSATO

et al. 2015

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RESUMEN -La utilización repetida de glifosato como herbicida, entre otros aspectos, aumenta la frecuencia de individuos con baja sensibilidad al mismo. Entre los numerosos casos reportados de especies de malezas que han presentado algún inconveniente para su adecuado manejo se encuentra Petunia axillaris. En este trabajo se evalúa su sensibilidad y se estudian posibles mecanismos involucrados. Se analizó la retención, absorción y translocación con herbicida radiomarcado, así como también la modificación estructural producida por la aplicación del herbicida. Los análisis comprueban que Petunia axillaris es una especie tolerante a glifosato, no mostrando inhibición de la ruta metabólica del ácido shikímico. La menor sensibilidad al herbicida podría estar relacionada con una menor retención foliar de glifosato y un mayor tiempo de absorción; lo cual retarda el ingreso y movimiento del herbicida. Desde el punto de vista estructural se afecta el desarrollo del eje principal, mateniendo sin embargo una elevada producción de flores y semillas. Petunia axillaris muestra una combinación de características morfológicas-estructurales y fisiológicas que determinan su ventaja adaptativa para permanecer y aumentar su población en sistemas con uso intensivo de glifosato. Palabras

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Plant Architecture: A Dynamic, Multilevel and Comprehensive Approach to Plant Form, Structure and Ontogeny

Cited by 759 publications

References 204 publications

Photomorphogenesis in Dracaena draco

Photomorphogenesis in Dracaena draco

Common tree definitions for national forest inventories in Europe

CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUCTURALES Y FISIOLÓGICAS DE Petunia axillaris RELACIONADAS CON SU BAJA SENSIBILIDAD A GLIFOSATO

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