Plant acclimation to long-term high nitrogen deposition in an N-rich tropical forest

Lu, Xiankai; Vitousek, Peter M.; Mao, Qigui; Gilliam, Frank S.; Luo, Yiqi; Zhou, Guoyi; Zou, Xiaoming; Bai, Edith; Scanlon, Todd M.; Hou, Enqing; Mo, Jiangming

doi:10.1073/pnas.1720777115

Cited by 177 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…During weathering, not only the primary minerals in the soil are strongly decomposed but also the secondary alumino‐silicates are further decomposed, and the silicic acid and the base cations are largely leached, which results in an increase in soil clay content and a relative enrichment of soil Fe and Al oxides (Houlton et al, ; Krishnaswamy & Richter, ). In this study, the three forest soils all belong to the fast weathering systems and the weathering was further accelerated by the high acid deposition over the last two decades (Jiang et al, ; Jiang et al, ; Lu et al, ; Lu et al, ). However, our results showed that soil clay content and Fe and Al oxides were quite variable among the three forests, with the highest value in the broadleaved forest and the lowest value in the coniferous forest (Table and Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To quantify how physical and chemical mechanism of SOC stabilization varies among these forests, we chose three typical subtropical forests in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DBR): coniferous forest (planted forest), mixed forest (secondary forest, mixed pine/broadleaved forest), and broadleaved forest (primary forest, mature forest). All the three forest soils developed over the same parent material and experienced the high acid deposition (N: >48 kg N ha −1 year −1 ; S: 33 kg S ha −1 year −1 ) over the last two decades (Jiang et al, ; Lu et al, ; Lu et al, ). The soils are also quite acidic with pH < 4.7 (Lu et al, ; Yan et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization in the Three Subtropical Forests: Importance of Clay and Metal Oxides

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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Field observations show that subtropical forests can accumulate soil organic carbon (SOC) at high rate; however, the key mechanisms of SOC accumulation in subtropical forests remain unclear. Here we selected three typical subtropical forests with soil originated from same parent material under same climate condition in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, southern China: coniferous forest, mixed forest, and broadleaved forest with very different rates of SOC accumulation over the last three decades. To quantify the relative importance of physical versus chemical process on SOC stabilization in these forests, we used regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the soil physical (clay, silt, and sand) and chemical (pH, Fe, and Al oxides) properties and SOC, and explored their respective contributions to SOC stabilization. Results showed that SOC stabilization was more strongly influenced by soil clay fraction through sorptive protection or microaggregate formation with SOC in the coniferous forest (r2 = 0.89, p < 0.05), and by chemical protection through forming organo‐mineral complexes in the mixed or broadleaved forest. Increasing carbon input was likely the main cause for SOC accumulation in the coniferous forest, but was not in the broadleaved forest. The strong linear relationships between SOC and Fe/Al oxides indicate that both the mixed (r2 = 0.63 and 0.57 with Feo and Alo, p < 0.05) and broadleaved forests (r2 = 0.96 and 0.78 with Fed and Alo, p < 0.05) on acid soils in southern China still have a great potential for further carbon sequestration in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization in the Three Subtropical Forests: Importance of Clay and Metal Oxides

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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“…For the mineral nutrients K, Mg, and Al, the significant effect of N addition in tropical forests, but not in temperate and boreal forests, may be ascribed to a more severe base cation depletion in the tropics, because tropical soils are generally considered deficient in K and Mg, but rich in Fe and Al, due to geological processes under high temperature and precipitation (Cusack et al, , Lu et al, , ; Tian & Niu, ). These significant K, Mg, and Al responses suggest that tropical forests may be more likely to suffer from mineral nutrient changes under high N deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, plants with shorter leaf life spans exhibit faster litter decomposition and nutrient turnover, which may contribute to rapid soil nutrient replenishment, resulting in lower sensitivity of these plants to nutrient addition (Hobbie, ; Xia & Wan, ). Foliar nutrients, such as K, Ca, and Mg, in ecosystems with naturally high N levels are more likely to suffer from nutrient changes under N addition, because of greater N‐induced NO 3 − leaching and cation losses in these ecosystems (Lu et al, , ). Moreover, experimental N additions may lead to pronounced soil acidification and a net decrease in soil pH (Barak et al, ; Lu et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Foliar Nutrient Status and Stoichiometry to Nitrogen Addition in Different Ecosystems: A Meta‐analysis

Mao

Zheng

2020

JGR Biogeosciences

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Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition alters the cycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge regarding how N addition affects foliar nutrients beyond N and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometry. We conducted a meta‐analysis, including 2,004 observations from 134 fertilization studies, to synthesize the effects of N addition on multiple foliar nutrients and stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems and to examine their potential controls. Overall, we found that N addition significantly decreased foliar P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and calcium:aluminium (Ca:Al) by 3.22%, 7.58%, 9.55%, 5.65%, and 15.17%, respectively, but significantly increased foliar N, Al, N:K, N:Ca, and N:Mg by 19.02%, 6.99%, 21.06%, 27.65%, and 11.33%, respectively. Among the forest ecosystems, foliar N and P exhibited greater changes in temperate or boreal forests, and foliar K, Mg, and Mn showed greater decreases or increases in tropical forests after N addition. Nitrogen addition significantly affected foliar K (−7.55%), Mg (−6.46%), and Al (+6.81%) in forests but not in grasslands. Similarly, foliar K, Mg, and Al showed significant changes in woody plants but not in herbaceous plants. In addition, we found that environmental factors (e.g., ambient N deposition, mean annual precipitation, and soil pH) affected foliar nutrient responses of N, K, and Mg to N addition. In summary, our findings indicate that N addition affects foliar nutrient contents, with the extent of these effects differing among ecosystem type. This is important for understanding and predicting plant growth and nutrient dynamics under N deposition scenarios.

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“…N deposition may have a fertilization effect, a negative effect or no effect on the physiology and growth of terrestrial plants (BassiriRad, ; de Vries, Dobbertin, Solberg, van Dobben, & Schaub, ). The different responses of plants can be due to different doses of N deposition (above or below the maximum levels required for plant nutrition) along with different sensitivities among plant species or genotypes (Agathokleous, ) and different capacities of plants to acclimate to high N deposition in the long term (Lu et al, ). Nevertheless, there is a growing amount of literature showing N deposition is potential to alter terrestrial ecosystem processes, including community composition, at both low and high doses (Agathokleous, ; Stevens, David, & Storkey, ) (note: low and high doses hereafter refer to doses in the low‐ and high‐dose zones of the complete dose–response continuum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone will remain a threat for plants independently of nitrogen load

Feng

Shang

et al. 2019

Functional Ecology

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Elevated concentrations of ground‐level ozone (O3) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition occur concurrently. The negative effects of elevated O3 on plants have been widely studied and are well understood nowadays. However, how the effects of elevated O3 on plants may be driven by N deposition remains an unsolved puzzle. We conducted a meta‐analysis and showed that the negative effects of elevated O3 on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, growth and biomass production of semi‐natural and natural vegetation may remain unchanged by N deposition in the coming future under realistic increases in O3 concentrations (+20 to 40 ppb) and N deposition (up to 60 kg ha−1 year−1). The negative effect of elevated O3 on chlorophyll content is offset by soil N addition; however, the negative effect on biomasses is not offset by soil N addition. Across functional groups and O3 levels, N addition exacerbated O3 effects on root when N increased from 0–10 kg N ha−1 year−1 to 11–30 kg N ha−1 year−1. However, an analysis as per the plant functional group revealed that such a N‐dependent O3 effect was significant only in perennial non‐woody plants, and was non‐significant when only realistic increases in O3 concentrations were considered. Likewise, N addition appeared to exacerbate O3‐negative effects on photosynthesis of trees when N increased from 0–30 kg N ha−1 year−1 to >60 kg N ha−1 year−1; however, this effect was significant only when realistic increases in O3 concentrations were considered. The results suggest potential error in the current estimates of the overall O3 impacts on plants due to no consideration of soil N availability, and encourage further studies on the interaction of O3 and N availability that will permit more robust analyses in the future. Elevated O3 will likely remain a persistent agricultural and ecological issue independently of N deposition. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Plant acclimation to long-term high nitrogen deposition in an N-rich tropical forest

Cited by 177 publications

References 45 publications

Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization in the Three Subtropical Forests: Importance of Clay and Metal Oxides

Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization in the Three Subtropical Forests: Importance of Clay and Metal Oxides

Responses of Foliar Nutrient Status and Stoichiometry to Nitrogen Addition in Different Ecosystems: A Meta‐analysis

Ozone will remain a threat for plants independently of nitrogen load

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