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RESUMOPara a indústria de semicondutores, o resíduo de pó de silício é um problema na esfera da ecologia industrial. A proposta deste trabalho é analisar as características deste resíduo, objetivando o fechamento do ciclo de produção. O pó de silício obtido através do processo do corte das lâminas de silício foi caracterizado por ensaios físicos e por microscopia ótica. Após a separação, o resíduo foi adicionado ao cimento comum formando corpos de prova e com isso, avaliou-se o possível ganho na resistência à compressão comparada ao cimento comum, comprovando a viabilidade técnica da utilização deste tipo de resíduo na fabricação de produtos de cimento.Palavras-chave: ecologia industrial, semicondutores, reuso, resíduo, pó de silício. ABSTRACTFor the semiconductor industry, the residue of silicon powder is a problem in the field of industrial ecology. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of this waste, aiming to close the production cycle. Silicon powder obtained through the cutting process of the silicon wafers was characterized by physical tests and optical microscopy. After separation, the residue was added to the cement forming joint specimens and therefore, we assessed the possible gain in compressive strength compared to ordinary cement, proving the technical feasibility of using this type of waste in the manufacture of cement products.
RESUMOPara a indústria de semicondutores, o resíduo de pó de silício é um problema na esfera da ecologia industrial. A proposta deste trabalho é analisar as características deste resíduo, objetivando o fechamento do ciclo de produção. O pó de silício obtido através do processo do corte das lâminas de silício foi caracterizado por ensaios físicos e por microscopia ótica. Após a separação, o resíduo foi adicionado ao cimento comum formando corpos de prova e com isso, avaliou-se o possível ganho na resistência à compressão comparada ao cimento comum, comprovando a viabilidade técnica da utilização deste tipo de resíduo na fabricação de produtos de cimento.Palavras-chave: ecologia industrial, semicondutores, reuso, resíduo, pó de silício. ABSTRACTFor the semiconductor industry, the residue of silicon powder is a problem in the field of industrial ecology. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of this waste, aiming to close the production cycle. Silicon powder obtained through the cutting process of the silicon wafers was characterized by physical tests and optical microscopy. After separation, the residue was added to the cement forming joint specimens and therefore, we assessed the possible gain in compressive strength compared to ordinary cement, proving the technical feasibility of using this type of waste in the manufacture of cement products.
In this review, we present a background on the Brazilian Federal Legislation on the environmental licensing of hydroelectric plants focusing on the procedure of the repair of environmental damage caused by dams to migratory fish. To that end, the Brazilian electrical matrix was first addressed, thus highlighting the significant contribution of the energy produced by hydroelectric projects. To better contextualize the characteristics of the legislation, separate sections concerning illustrative reports of the effects of dams on migratory fish and the current panorama of aquaculture in Brazil and in the world were included. In this review, we also present a discussion on the specific legislation concerning a mitigation measure, the “fish restocking programs,” which have the potential to promote fishing and aquaculture, but still lack a scientific basis on their effectiveness and correct application. An assessment of this historical process in Brazil indicates that different mitigation measures imposed to obtain operating licenses by hydroelectric plants vary among different hydroelectric projects and that this heterogeneity in the conditions imposed may have effects (of unknown proportions) on local fish communities. Considering the absence of a specific device foreseen in the law that requires the owner or concessionaire of dams in watercourses to provide for fish restocking programs or specific ichthyofauna conservation programs, the issue seems to depend on the discretion of the licensing agency to demand that the hydroelectric plant operators carry out the reintroduction of fish in their reservoirs. This review concludes that there are political and scientific issues to be debated and explored in order to improve public policies on this topic of extreme relevance for society.
The increase in agricultural production generates a large volume of waste, which may lead to concerns about its proper destination. The main economic activity in Herculândia City, Western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, is the production and processing of peanuts. In this process, a large volume of peanut shells is generated. Following the current movement of using waste for energy purposes, in compliance with what was established by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this work aimed to carry out a study on the biogas potential generated from peanut shells. To this end, a low-cost biodigester prototype was built, which, over a period of 108 days, produced biogas and biofertilizer. The results showed that there was production of biogas from peanut waste; however, the volume produced did not provide savings in electricity costs when compared to the production of biogas from animal waste. Nevertheless, the work demonstrated the importance of providing solutions to the disposal of peanut shells, effectively mitigating future environmental problems, and serving as an alternative for generating sustainable and low-cost energy, especially for small producers.
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