Planning versus administration: The Independent City Planning Commission in Cincinnati, 1918–1940

Abstract

City planning has become such an acknowledged function of city government that today we tend to take the city planning commission for granted as a logical part of the city government. Pioneers in the city planning movement in the United States at the turn of the century, however, had yet to decide upon the proper vehicle for carrying out city planning. Although in the early years of the movement a variety of methods were tried, including private planning associations, planning conducted by a committee of city council, and city planning conducted by a single city official, the most common agency of planning to emerge out of this period was the city planning commission.

Marxism and revisionism in the world today

“…In other words, because capitalist-class relation coexists with relations between managers/bureaucrats and others, anti-capitalism can only lead to a society ruled by bureaucrats ('bureaucratic socialism'), and therefore, socialism is not the only alternative to capitalism. These ideas echo those of another academic, James Burnham (1940), who was a Marxist philosopher at New York University, and a part of the Trotskyist movement, who wrote many decades ago: 'I consider that ... a new form of exploitive society (what I call "managerial society") is not only possible as an alternative to capitalism but is a more probable outcome of the present period than socialism'.…”